Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio
Herein, a peripherally clamped stretched square monolayer graphene sheet with a side length of 10 nm was demonstrated as a resonator for atomic-scale mass sensing via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Then, a novel method of mass determination using the first three resonant modes (mode11, mode21 a...
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doaj-61a069b99da0440ba1c768a1ab6562e32020-11-25T00:04:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-07-011913302710.3390/s19133027s19133027Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency RatioXing Xiao0Shang-Chun Fan1Cheng Li2Wei-Wei Xing3School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaHerein, a peripherally clamped stretched square monolayer graphene sheet with a side length of 10 nm was demonstrated as a resonator for atomic-scale mass sensing via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Then, a novel method of mass determination using the first three resonant modes (mode11, mode21 and mode22) was developed to avoid the disturbance of stress fluctuation in graphene. MD simulation results indicate that improving the prestress in stretched graphene increases the sensitivity significantly. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine the mass accurately by the stress-reliant fundamental frequency shift. However, the absorbed mass in the middle of graphene sheets decreases the resonant frequency of mode11 dramatically while having negligible effect on that of mode21 and mode22, which implies that the latter two frequency modes are appropriate for compensating the stress-induced frequency shift of mode11. Hence, the absorbed mass, with a resolution of 3.3 × 10<sup>−22</sup> g, is found using the frequency ratio of mode11 to mode21 or mode22, despite the unstable prestress ranging from 32 GPa to 47 GPa. This stress insensitivity contributes to the applicability of the graphene-based resonant mass sensor in real applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3027stretched graphene resonatormass sensorresonant modefrequency ratiomolecular dynamics simulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xing Xiao Shang-Chun Fan Cheng Li Wei-Wei Xing |
spellingShingle |
Xing Xiao Shang-Chun Fan Cheng Li Wei-Wei Xing Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio Sensors stretched graphene resonator mass sensor resonant mode frequency ratio molecular dynamics simulation |
author_facet |
Xing Xiao Shang-Chun Fan Cheng Li Wei-Wei Xing |
author_sort |
Xing Xiao |
title |
Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio |
title_short |
Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio |
title_full |
Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio |
title_fullStr |
Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stress-Insensitive Resonant Graphene Mass Sensing via Frequency Ratio |
title_sort |
stress-insensitive resonant graphene mass sensing via frequency ratio |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Herein, a peripherally clamped stretched square monolayer graphene sheet with a side length of 10 nm was demonstrated as a resonator for atomic-scale mass sensing via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Then, a novel method of mass determination using the first three resonant modes (mode11, mode21 and mode22) was developed to avoid the disturbance of stress fluctuation in graphene. MD simulation results indicate that improving the prestress in stretched graphene increases the sensitivity significantly. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine the mass accurately by the stress-reliant fundamental frequency shift. However, the absorbed mass in the middle of graphene sheets decreases the resonant frequency of mode11 dramatically while having negligible effect on that of mode21 and mode22, which implies that the latter two frequency modes are appropriate for compensating the stress-induced frequency shift of mode11. Hence, the absorbed mass, with a resolution of 3.3 × 10<sup>−22</sup> g, is found using the frequency ratio of mode11 to mode21 or mode22, despite the unstable prestress ranging from 32 GPa to 47 GPa. This stress insensitivity contributes to the applicability of the graphene-based resonant mass sensor in real applications. |
topic |
stretched graphene resonator mass sensor resonant mode frequency ratio molecular dynamics simulation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3027 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT xingxiao stressinsensitiveresonantgraphenemasssensingviafrequencyratio AT shangchunfan stressinsensitiveresonantgraphenemasssensingviafrequencyratio AT chengli stressinsensitiveresonantgraphenemasssensingviafrequencyratio AT weiweixing stressinsensitiveresonantgraphenemasssensingviafrequencyratio |
_version_ |
1725428007097597952 |