Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>
This study evaluated the effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical, biochemical, and nutritional composition of <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>. Sampling was designed during the main monsoon seasons in Malaysia—the Southwest monsoon (SWM) and Northeast monsoon (NEM)—to understand...
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doaj-61d64f591d7a4067a7830c6d8bdcb4582020-11-24T21:59:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-09-012418329810.3390/molecules24183298molecules24183298Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>Abdul Qudus Aroyehun0Kishneth Palaniveloo1Farid Ghazali2Mohammed Rizman-Idid3Shariza Abdul Razak4Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBiomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaThis study evaluated the effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical, biochemical, and nutritional composition of <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>. Sampling was designed during the main monsoon seasons in Malaysia—the Southwest monsoon (SWM) and Northeast monsoon (NEM)—to understand the intraspecific variation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fiber were found to be higher in NEM–<i>G. manilaensis</i>, whereas a higher ash content was quantified in SWM–<i>G. manilaensis</i>. No significant differences were found in crude lipid and moisture content (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Vitamin B2 was calculated as (0.29 ± 0.06 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and (0.38 ± 0.06 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) for the NEM and SWM samples, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The fatty acid profile showed the dominance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs)—palmitic acids, stearic acid, and myristic acid—while the mineral contents were found to be good sources of calcium (1750.97–4047.74 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and iron (1512.55–1346.05 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>). Tryptophan and lysine were recorded as the limiting essential amino acids (EAAs) in NEM <i>G. manilaensis</i>, while leucine and phenylalanine were found to be the limiting EAAs in the SWM samples. None of the extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against the screened strains. The study concluded that seasonal changes have a great effect on the biochemical composition of <i>G. manilaensis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/18/3298<i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>seasonal variationphysicochemical propertiesnutritional propertiesmineral elementsanti-microbialheavy metals |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Abdul Qudus Aroyehun Kishneth Palaniveloo Farid Ghazali Mohammed Rizman-Idid Shariza Abdul Razak |
spellingShingle |
Abdul Qudus Aroyehun Kishneth Palaniveloo Farid Ghazali Mohammed Rizman-Idid Shariza Abdul Razak Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> Molecules <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> seasonal variation physicochemical properties nutritional properties mineral elements anti-microbial heavy metals |
author_facet |
Abdul Qudus Aroyehun Kishneth Palaniveloo Farid Ghazali Mohammed Rizman-Idid Shariza Abdul Razak |
author_sort |
Abdul Qudus Aroyehun |
title |
Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
title_short |
Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
title_full |
Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Seasonal Variability on the Physicochemical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Composition of Western Peninsular Malaysia <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
title_sort |
effects of seasonal variability on the physicochemical, biochemical, and nutritional composition of western peninsular malaysia <i>gracilaria manilaensis</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
This study evaluated the effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical, biochemical, and nutritional composition of <i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i>. Sampling was designed during the main monsoon seasons in Malaysia—the Southwest monsoon (SWM) and Northeast monsoon (NEM)—to understand the intraspecific variation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fiber were found to be higher in NEM–<i>G. manilaensis</i>, whereas a higher ash content was quantified in SWM–<i>G. manilaensis</i>. No significant differences were found in crude lipid and moisture content (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Vitamin B2 was calculated as (0.29 ± 0.06 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and (0.38 ± 0.06 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) for the NEM and SWM samples, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The fatty acid profile showed the dominance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs)—palmitic acids, stearic acid, and myristic acid—while the mineral contents were found to be good sources of calcium (1750.97–4047.74 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and iron (1512.55–1346.05 mg 100 g<sup>−1</sup>). Tryptophan and lysine were recorded as the limiting essential amino acids (EAAs) in NEM <i>G. manilaensis</i>, while leucine and phenylalanine were found to be the limiting EAAs in the SWM samples. None of the extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against the screened strains. The study concluded that seasonal changes have a great effect on the biochemical composition of <i>G. manilaensis</i>. |
topic |
<i>Gracilaria manilaensis</i> seasonal variation physicochemical properties nutritional properties mineral elements anti-microbial heavy metals |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/18/3298 |
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