Patterns of suspended particulate matter across the continental margin in the Canadian Beaufort Sea during summer
<p>The particulate beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm, <span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i><sub>p</sub>(660)</span>, was measured in conjunction with properties of suspended particle assemblages in August 2009 within the Canadian Be...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-04-01
|
Series: | Biogeosciences |
Online Access: | https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1583/2019/bg-16-1583-2019.pdf |
Summary: | <p>The particulate beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm,
<span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i><sub>p</sub>(660)</span>, was measured in conjunction with properties of suspended
particle assemblages in August 2009 within the Canadian Beaufort Sea
continental margin, a region heavily influenced by freshwater and sediment
discharge from the Mackenzie River, but also by sea ice melt. The mass
concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranged from 0.04 to 140 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, its composition varied from mineral to organic dominated, and the
median particle diameter determined over the range 0.7–120 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m varied
from 0.78 to 9.45 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m, with the fraction of particles <span class="inline-formula"><1</span> <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m in
surface waters reflecting the degree influenced by river water. Despite this
range in particle characteristics, a strong relationship between SPM and
<span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i><sub>p</sub>(660)</span> was found and used to determine SPM distributions across
the shelf based on measurements of <span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i><sub>p</sub>(660)</span> taken during summer
seasons of 2004, 2008, and 2009. SPM spatial patterns on the stratified shelf
reflected the vertically sheared two-layer estuarine circulation and SPM
sources (i.e., fluvial inputs, bottom resuspension, and biological
productivity). Along-shelf winds generated lateral Ekman flows, isopycnal
movements, and upwelling or downwelling at the shelf break. Cross-shelf
transects measured during three summers illustrate how sea ice meltwater
affects river plume extent, while the presence of meltwater on the shelf was
associated with enhanced near-bottom SPM during return flow of upwelled
Pacific-origin water. SPM decreased sharply past the shelf break with further
transport of particulate matter occurring near the bottom and in interleaving
nepheloid layers. These findings expand our knowledge of particle
distributions in the Beaufort Sea controlled by river discharge, sea ice, and
wind, each of which is sensitive to weather and climate variations.</p> |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |