Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia
The Citarum River has a volcanic catchment area in West Java Province, and is one of the nationally strategic rivers in tropical Indonesia due to its roles in water supply and in power generation. The river is economically important, but it is also polluted by industrial, agricultural, and residenti...
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doaj-625743adca694a158c3d0a9a98b568612020-11-24T20:41:18ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632017-08-01736610.3390/geosciences7030066geosciences7030066Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, IndonesiaSudarningsih Sudarningsih0Satria Bijaksana1Rizky Ramdani2Abd Hafidz3Aditya Pratama4Widodo Widodo5Irwan Iskandar6Darharta Dahrin7Silvia Jannatul Fajar8Nono Agus Santoso9Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaFaculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaThe Citarum River has a volcanic catchment area in West Java Province, and is one of the nationally strategic rivers in tropical Indonesia due to its roles in water supply and in power generation. The river is economically important, but it is also polluted by industrial, agricultural, and residential wastes. Suspended sediment samples were collected along a certain section of the Citarum River, starting in Balekambang through the area of Bandung Regency to the downstream village of Nanjung, where the river is dammed. Similar samples were also collected from seven tributaries of the Citarum River. Magnetic and heavy metal analyses show that unlike river sediments from a non-volcanic catchment area in temperate climates, magnetic susceptibility values tend to decrease downstream, showing that the magnetic minerals in the upstream area are mostly lithogenic in origin, containing more Fe-bearing minerals compared to those in tributary samples which are anthropogenic in origin. Anthropogenic pollution is also represented by the increase of Zn content along the river. The results suggest that applying magnetic methods for monitoring river pollution in the tropics or in the volcanic areas should be carefully analyzed and interpreted.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/7/3/66Citarum Rivervolcanic areamagnetic methodmagnetic susceptibilityZn contentWest Javaheavy metal pollutiontropical climate conditions |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sudarningsih Sudarningsih Satria Bijaksana Rizky Ramdani Abd Hafidz Aditya Pratama Widodo Widodo Irwan Iskandar Darharta Dahrin Silvia Jannatul Fajar Nono Agus Santoso |
spellingShingle |
Sudarningsih Sudarningsih Satria Bijaksana Rizky Ramdani Abd Hafidz Aditya Pratama Widodo Widodo Irwan Iskandar Darharta Dahrin Silvia Jannatul Fajar Nono Agus Santoso Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia Geosciences Citarum River volcanic area magnetic method magnetic susceptibility Zn content West Java heavy metal pollution tropical climate conditions |
author_facet |
Sudarningsih Sudarningsih Satria Bijaksana Rizky Ramdani Abd Hafidz Aditya Pratama Widodo Widodo Irwan Iskandar Darharta Dahrin Silvia Jannatul Fajar Nono Agus Santoso |
author_sort |
Sudarningsih Sudarningsih |
title |
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia |
title_short |
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia |
title_full |
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia |
title_fullStr |
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia |
title_sort |
variations in the concentration of magnetic minerals and heavy metals in suspended sediments from citarum river and its tributaries, west java, indonesia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Geosciences |
issn |
2076-3263 |
publishDate |
2017-08-01 |
description |
The Citarum River has a volcanic catchment area in West Java Province, and is one of the nationally strategic rivers in tropical Indonesia due to its roles in water supply and in power generation. The river is economically important, but it is also polluted by industrial, agricultural, and residential wastes. Suspended sediment samples were collected along a certain section of the Citarum River, starting in Balekambang through the area of Bandung Regency to the downstream village of Nanjung, where the river is dammed. Similar samples were also collected from seven tributaries of the Citarum River. Magnetic and heavy metal analyses show that unlike river sediments from a non-volcanic catchment area in temperate climates, magnetic susceptibility values tend to decrease downstream, showing that the magnetic minerals in the upstream area are mostly lithogenic in origin, containing more Fe-bearing minerals compared to those in tributary samples which are anthropogenic in origin. Anthropogenic pollution is also represented by the increase of Zn content along the river. The results suggest that applying magnetic methods for monitoring river pollution in the tropics or in the volcanic areas should be carefully analyzed and interpreted. |
topic |
Citarum River volcanic area magnetic method magnetic susceptibility Zn content West Java heavy metal pollution tropical climate conditions |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/7/3/66 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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