Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. Thi...
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doaj-625f7891c2094b23992f341790b5e34a2021-04-30T05:13:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-04-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.638609638609Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its InhibitionTanu Atriwal0Kashish Azeem1Fohad Mabood Husain2Afzal Hussain3Muhammed Nadeem Khan4Mohamed F. Alajmi5Mohammad Abid6Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IndiaMedicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Tashreehul Badan, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMedicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IndiaIn recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609/fullCandida albicansbiofilmresistanceantifungal drugsprostaglandinssmall molecule inhibitors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tanu Atriwal Kashish Azeem Fohad Mabood Husain Afzal Hussain Muhammed Nadeem Khan Mohamed F. Alajmi Mohammad Abid |
spellingShingle |
Tanu Atriwal Kashish Azeem Fohad Mabood Husain Afzal Hussain Muhammed Nadeem Khan Mohamed F. Alajmi Mohammad Abid Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition Frontiers in Microbiology Candida albicans biofilm resistance antifungal drugs prostaglandins small molecule inhibitors |
author_facet |
Tanu Atriwal Kashish Azeem Fohad Mabood Husain Afzal Hussain Muhammed Nadeem Khan Mohamed F. Alajmi Mohammad Abid |
author_sort |
Tanu Atriwal |
title |
Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition |
title_short |
Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition |
title_full |
Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition |
title_fullStr |
Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition |
title_sort |
mechanistic understanding of candida albicans biofilm formation and approaches for its inhibition |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans. |
topic |
Candida albicans biofilm resistance antifungal drugs prostaglandins small molecule inhibitors |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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