Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats
Cotton rats are one of the experimental rodents used for testing different infectious and non-infectious diseases, including gastrointestinal tract pathology. However, their intestinal morphological characteristics are still poorly understood. Here, we clarified the anatomical and histological chara...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.587214/full |
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doaj-62a57ad8818a4a79bcf3930b24012407 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Osamu Ichii Osamu Ichii Teppei Nakamura Teppei Nakamura Takao Irie Takao Irie Takashi Namba Md Rashedul Islam Md Rashedul Islam Yuki Otani Md Abdul Masum Md Abdul Masum Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yasuhiro Kon |
spellingShingle |
Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Osamu Ichii Osamu Ichii Teppei Nakamura Teppei Nakamura Takao Irie Takao Irie Takashi Namba Md Rashedul Islam Md Rashedul Islam Yuki Otani Md Abdul Masum Md Abdul Masum Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yasuhiro Kon Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats Frontiers in Physiology cotton rat morphology large intestine colon longitudinal fold sex difference |
author_facet |
Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar Osamu Ichii Osamu Ichii Teppei Nakamura Teppei Nakamura Takao Irie Takao Irie Takashi Namba Md Rashedul Islam Md Rashedul Islam Yuki Otani Md Abdul Masum Md Abdul Masum Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa Yasuhiro Kon |
author_sort |
Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar |
title |
Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats |
title_short |
Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats |
title_full |
Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats |
title_fullStr |
Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton Rats |
title_sort |
unique running pattern and mucosal morphology found in the colon of cotton rats |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Cotton rats are one of the experimental rodents used for testing different infectious and non-infectious diseases, including gastrointestinal tract pathology. However, their intestinal morphological characteristics are still poorly understood. Here, we clarified the anatomical and histological characteristics of the cecum and ascending colon (AC) of young (1–3-month old), adult (4–6-month old), and old (10–12-month old) cotton rats. The large intestine (LI) in cotton rats is composed of the cecum, AC, transverse and descending colons, and rectum, and is similar to that of other mammals. The AC begins with a double or triple spiral loop-like flexure (SLLF) and ends with a coupled horseshoe-like flexure (HSLF). A single longitudinal mucosal fold (SLMF) was found at the beginning of the AC along the mesentery line and developed with age. Furthermore, the SLMF contained several lymphatic nodules (LNs), indicating their role in digestive and immunological functions. Small and large protuberant LNs were found in the cecum and SLLF, respectively, whereas thin and flat LNs were observed in the HSLF and transverse colon, respectively. Regarding sex-related differences, adult females had a significantly longer AC with a higher number of SLLFs compared to males. The SLMF length and LN number were also longer and higher, respectively, in adult females compared to adult males. These are crucial findings, indicating the presence of sex-related differences in the morphology of the LI in cotton rats, and ours is the first study to discover a sex difference in the mammalian LI lining. Our study clarified the unique morphology of the LI in cotton rats, which could serve as the principal model for elucidating species-specific digestive tract functions and gastrointestinal disorders. |
topic |
cotton rat morphology large intestine colon longitudinal fold sex difference |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.587214/full |
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doaj-62a57ad8818a4a79bcf3930b240124072020-11-25T03:56:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-10-011110.3389/fphys.2020.587214587214Unique Running Pattern and Mucosal Morphology Found in the Colon of Cotton RatsTsolmon Chuluunbaatar0Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar1Osamu Ichii2Osamu Ichii3Teppei Nakamura4Teppei Nakamura5Takao Irie6Takao Irie7Takashi Namba8Md Rashedul Islam9Md Rashedul Islam10Yuki Otani11Md Abdul Masum12Md Abdul Masum13Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura14Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa15Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa16Yasuhiro Kon17Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Basic Science of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, JapanMedical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JapanLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshLaboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan0Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptLaboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanCotton rats are one of the experimental rodents used for testing different infectious and non-infectious diseases, including gastrointestinal tract pathology. However, their intestinal morphological characteristics are still poorly understood. Here, we clarified the anatomical and histological characteristics of the cecum and ascending colon (AC) of young (1–3-month old), adult (4–6-month old), and old (10–12-month old) cotton rats. The large intestine (LI) in cotton rats is composed of the cecum, AC, transverse and descending colons, and rectum, and is similar to that of other mammals. The AC begins with a double or triple spiral loop-like flexure (SLLF) and ends with a coupled horseshoe-like flexure (HSLF). A single longitudinal mucosal fold (SLMF) was found at the beginning of the AC along the mesentery line and developed with age. Furthermore, the SLMF contained several lymphatic nodules (LNs), indicating their role in digestive and immunological functions. Small and large protuberant LNs were found in the cecum and SLLF, respectively, whereas thin and flat LNs were observed in the HSLF and transverse colon, respectively. Regarding sex-related differences, adult females had a significantly longer AC with a higher number of SLLFs compared to males. The SLMF length and LN number were also longer and higher, respectively, in adult females compared to adult males. These are crucial findings, indicating the presence of sex-related differences in the morphology of the LI in cotton rats, and ours is the first study to discover a sex difference in the mammalian LI lining. Our study clarified the unique morphology of the LI in cotton rats, which could serve as the principal model for elucidating species-specific digestive tract functions and gastrointestinal disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.587214/fullcotton ratmorphologylarge intestinecolonlongitudinal foldsex difference |