Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome
Herbgenomics provides a global platform to explore the genetics and biology of herbs on the genome level. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is an important medicinal plant with numerous pharmaceutical effects. Previous reports mainly discussed the transcriptome of ginseng at the organ level. However, based o...
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doaj-62deaf23649d4d4d9704387c32a144ea2020-11-24T23:31:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492017-05-0122688910.3390/molecules22060889molecules22060889Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and TranscriptomeJing-Jing Zhang0He Su1Lei Zhang2Bao-Sheng Liao3Shui-Ming Xiao4Lin-Lin Dong5Zhi-Gang Hu6Ping Wang7Xi-Wen Li8Zhi-Hai Huang9Zhi-Ming Gao10Lian-Juan Zhang11Liang Shen12Rui-Yang Cheng13Jiang Xu14Shi-Lin Chen15College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaData Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guangdong Branch, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaThe Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaHerbgenomics provides a global platform to explore the genetics and biology of herbs on the genome level. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is an important medicinal plant with numerous pharmaceutical effects. Previous reports mainly discussed the transcriptome of ginseng at the organ level. However, based on mass spectrometry imaging analyses, the ginsenosides varied among different tissues. In this work, ginseng root was separated into three tissues—periderm, cortex and stele—each for five duplicates. The chemical analysis and transcriptome analysis were conducted simultaneously. Gene-encoding enzymes involved in ginsenosides biosynthesis and modification were studied based on gene and molecule data. Eight widely-used ginsenosides were distributed unevenly in ginseng roots. A total of 182,881 unigenes were assembled with an N50 contig size of 1374 bp. About 21,000 of these unigenes were positively correlated with the content of ginsenosides. Additionally, we identified 192 transcripts encoding enzymes involved in two triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways and 290 transcripts encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Of these UGTs, 195 UGTs (67.2%) were more highly expressed in the periderm, and that seven UGTs and one UGT were specifically expressed in the periderm and stele, respectively. This genetic resource will help to improve the interpretation on complex mechanisms of ginsenosides biosynthesis, accumulation, and transportation.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/6/889Panax ginsengginsenosidetranscriptometriterpenesbiosynthesis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jing-Jing Zhang He Su Lei Zhang Bao-Sheng Liao Shui-Ming Xiao Lin-Lin Dong Zhi-Gang Hu Ping Wang Xi-Wen Li Zhi-Hai Huang Zhi-Ming Gao Lian-Juan Zhang Liang Shen Rui-Yang Cheng Jiang Xu Shi-Lin Chen |
spellingShingle |
Jing-Jing Zhang He Su Lei Zhang Bao-Sheng Liao Shui-Ming Xiao Lin-Lin Dong Zhi-Gang Hu Ping Wang Xi-Wen Li Zhi-Hai Huang Zhi-Ming Gao Lian-Juan Zhang Liang Shen Rui-Yang Cheng Jiang Xu Shi-Lin Chen Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome Molecules Panax ginseng ginsenoside transcriptome triterpenes biosynthesis |
author_facet |
Jing-Jing Zhang He Su Lei Zhang Bao-Sheng Liao Shui-Ming Xiao Lin-Lin Dong Zhi-Gang Hu Ping Wang Xi-Wen Li Zhi-Hai Huang Zhi-Ming Gao Lian-Juan Zhang Liang Shen Rui-Yang Cheng Jiang Xu Shi-Lin Chen |
author_sort |
Jing-Jing Zhang |
title |
Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome |
title_short |
Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome |
title_full |
Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive Characterization for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis in Ginseng Root by Integration Analysis of Chemical and Transcriptome |
title_sort |
comprehensive characterization for ginsenosides biosynthesis in ginseng root by integration analysis of chemical and transcriptome |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2017-05-01 |
description |
Herbgenomics provides a global platform to explore the genetics and biology of herbs on the genome level. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is an important medicinal plant with numerous pharmaceutical effects. Previous reports mainly discussed the transcriptome of ginseng at the organ level. However, based on mass spectrometry imaging analyses, the ginsenosides varied among different tissues. In this work, ginseng root was separated into three tissues—periderm, cortex and stele—each for five duplicates. The chemical analysis and transcriptome analysis were conducted simultaneously. Gene-encoding enzymes involved in ginsenosides biosynthesis and modification were studied based on gene and molecule data. Eight widely-used ginsenosides were distributed unevenly in ginseng roots. A total of 182,881 unigenes were assembled with an N50 contig size of 1374 bp. About 21,000 of these unigenes were positively correlated with the content of ginsenosides. Additionally, we identified 192 transcripts encoding enzymes involved in two triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways and 290 transcripts encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Of these UGTs, 195 UGTs (67.2%) were more highly expressed in the periderm, and that seven UGTs and one UGT were specifically expressed in the periderm and stele, respectively. This genetic resource will help to improve the interpretation on complex mechanisms of ginsenosides biosynthesis, accumulation, and transportation. |
topic |
Panax ginseng ginsenoside transcriptome triterpenes biosynthesis |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/6/889 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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