Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a widely used technique to assess sympatho-vagal regulation in response to various internal or external stressors. However, HRV measurements under free-moving conditions are highly susceptible to subjects’ physical activity levels because physical activity al...
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doaj-633ed56c1f5743be8202fc8685b12ec92020-11-24T21:42:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-08-01910.3389/fphys.2018.01063378757Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving ConditionsKazato Oishi0Yukiko Himeno1Masafumi Miwa2Masafumi Miwa3Hiroki Anzai4Hiroki Anzai5Kaho Kitajima6Yudai Yasunaka7Hajime Kumagai8Seiji Ieiri9Hiroyuki Hirooka10Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDivision of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JapanLaboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanHeart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a widely used technique to assess sympatho-vagal regulation in response to various internal or external stressors. However, HRV measurements under free-moving conditions are highly susceptible to subjects’ physical activity levels because physical activity alters energy metabolism, which inevitably modulates the cardiorespiratory system and thereby changes the sympatho-vagal balance, regardless of stressors. Thus, researchers must simultaneously quantify the effect of physical activity on HRV to reliably assess sympatho-vagal balance under free-moving conditions. In the present study, dynamic body acceleration (DBA), which was developed in the field of animal ecology as a quantitative proxy for activity-specific energy expenditure, was used as a factor to correct for physical activity when evaluating HRV in freely moving subjects. Body acceleration and heart inter-beat intervals were simultaneously measured in cattle and sheep, and the vectorial DBA and HRV parameters were evaluated at 5-min intervals. Next, the effects of DBA on the HRV parameters were statistically analyzed. The heart rate (HR) and most of the HRV parameters were affected by DBA in both animal species, and the inclusion of the effect of DBA in the HRV analysis greatly influenced the frequency domain and nonlinear HRV parameters. By removing the effect of physical activity quantified using DBA, we could fairly compare the stress levels of animals with different physical activity levels under different management conditions. Moreover, we analyzed and compared the HRV parameters before and after correcting for the mean HR, with and without inclusion of DBA. The results were somewhat unexpected, as the effect of DBA was a highly significant source of HRV also in parameters corrected for mean HR. In conclusion, the inclusion of DBA as a physical activity index is a simple and useful method for correcting the activity-specific component of HRV under free-moving conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01063/fulldynamic body accelerationfree-moving conditionheart rate correctionheart rate variabilityphysical activity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kazato Oishi Yukiko Himeno Masafumi Miwa Masafumi Miwa Hiroki Anzai Hiroki Anzai Kaho Kitajima Yudai Yasunaka Hajime Kumagai Seiji Ieiri Hiroyuki Hirooka |
spellingShingle |
Kazato Oishi Yukiko Himeno Masafumi Miwa Masafumi Miwa Hiroki Anzai Hiroki Anzai Kaho Kitajima Yudai Yasunaka Hajime Kumagai Seiji Ieiri Hiroyuki Hirooka Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions Frontiers in Physiology dynamic body acceleration free-moving condition heart rate correction heart rate variability physical activity |
author_facet |
Kazato Oishi Yukiko Himeno Masafumi Miwa Masafumi Miwa Hiroki Anzai Hiroki Anzai Kaho Kitajima Yudai Yasunaka Hajime Kumagai Seiji Ieiri Hiroyuki Hirooka |
author_sort |
Kazato Oishi |
title |
Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions |
title_short |
Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions |
title_full |
Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions |
title_fullStr |
Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions |
title_sort |
correcting the activity-specific component of heart rate variability using dynamic body acceleration under free-moving conditions |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
description |
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a widely used technique to assess sympatho-vagal regulation in response to various internal or external stressors. However, HRV measurements under free-moving conditions are highly susceptible to subjects’ physical activity levels because physical activity alters energy metabolism, which inevitably modulates the cardiorespiratory system and thereby changes the sympatho-vagal balance, regardless of stressors. Thus, researchers must simultaneously quantify the effect of physical activity on HRV to reliably assess sympatho-vagal balance under free-moving conditions. In the present study, dynamic body acceleration (DBA), which was developed in the field of animal ecology as a quantitative proxy for activity-specific energy expenditure, was used as a factor to correct for physical activity when evaluating HRV in freely moving subjects. Body acceleration and heart inter-beat intervals were simultaneously measured in cattle and sheep, and the vectorial DBA and HRV parameters were evaluated at 5-min intervals. Next, the effects of DBA on the HRV parameters were statistically analyzed. The heart rate (HR) and most of the HRV parameters were affected by DBA in both animal species, and the inclusion of the effect of DBA in the HRV analysis greatly influenced the frequency domain and nonlinear HRV parameters. By removing the effect of physical activity quantified using DBA, we could fairly compare the stress levels of animals with different physical activity levels under different management conditions. Moreover, we analyzed and compared the HRV parameters before and after correcting for the mean HR, with and without inclusion of DBA. The results were somewhat unexpected, as the effect of DBA was a highly significant source of HRV also in parameters corrected for mean HR. In conclusion, the inclusion of DBA as a physical activity index is a simple and useful method for correcting the activity-specific component of HRV under free-moving conditions. |
topic |
dynamic body acceleration free-moving condition heart rate correction heart rate variability physical activity |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01063/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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