Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

• Main Authors: Diego Santos-García, Teresa de Deus, Carlos Cores, Hector Canfield, Jose M Paz González, Cristina Martínez Miró, Lorena Valdés Aymerich, Ester Suárez, Silvia Jesús, Miquel Aguilar, Pau Pastor, Lluis Planellas, Marina Cosgaya, Juan García Caldentey, Nuria Caballol, Ines Legarda, Jorge Hernández-Vara, Iria Cabo, Lydia López Manzanares, Isabel González Aramburu, Maria A Ávila Rivera, Maria J Catalán, Victor Nogueira, Victor Puente, Julio Dotor, Carmen Borrué, Berta Solano, Maria Álvarez Sauco, Lydia Vela, Sonia Escalante, Esther Cubo, Francisco Carrillo, Juan C Martínez Castrillo, Pilar Sánchez Alonso, Gemma Alonso, Nuria López Ariztegui, Itziar Gastón, Jaime Kulisevsky, Marta Blázquez, Manuel Seijo, Javier Rúiz Martínez, Caridad Valero, Monica Kurtis, Oriol de Fábregues, Jessica Ardura, Ruben Alonso, Carlos Ordás, Luis M López Díaz, Darrian McAfee, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Pablo Mir, COPPADIS Study Group
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
• Series: Journal of Personalized Medicine
• Subjects: mood; non-motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease; progression; quality of life
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/7/626

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. <b>Material and Methods:</b> PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). <b>Results:</b> After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; <i>p</i> = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). <b>Conclusions:</b> Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.