Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are commonly used to control pollution in the river basins. Prioritization of BMPs helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of pollution reduction, especially in Critical Source Areas (CSAs) that produce the highest pollution loads. Recently, the Dez River in K...
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doaj-642caf8f9ab7422499c025437d060a552020-11-25T02:45:49ZengMDPI AGEnvironments2076-32982019-02-01622010.3390/environments6020020environments6020020Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River BasinHadi Babaei0Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian1Moses Karakouzian2Sajjad Ahmad3Department of Civil Engineering, Jundi Shapur University of Technology, Dezful 334-64615, IranDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USABest Management Practices (BMPs) are commonly used to control pollution in the river basins. Prioritization of BMPs helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of pollution reduction, especially in Critical Source Areas (CSAs) that produce the highest pollution loads. Recently, the Dez River in Khuzestan, Iran, has become highly eutrophic from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. In this basin, dry and irrigated farming produce 77.34% and 6.3% of the Total Nitrogen (TN) load, and 83.56% and 4.3% of the Total Phosphorus (TP) load, respectively. In addition, residential, pasture, and forest land uses together account for 16.36% of the TN and 12.14% of the TP load in this area. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was implemented to model the Dez River basin and evaluate the applicability of several BMPs, including point source elimination, filter strips, livestock grazing, and river channel management, in reducing the entry of pollution loads to the river. Sensitivity analysis and calibration/validation of the model was performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm in the SWAT Calibration Uncertainties Program (SWAT-CUP). The CSAs were identified using individual (sediment, TN, TP) and combined indices, based on the amount of pollution produced. Among the BMPs implemented, the 10 m filter strip was most effective in reducing TN load (42.61%), and TP load (39.57%).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/6/2/20water qualitySWATSWAT-CUPSUFI-2 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hadi Babaei Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian Moses Karakouzian Sajjad Ahmad |
spellingShingle |
Hadi Babaei Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian Moses Karakouzian Sajjad Ahmad Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin Environments water quality SWAT SWAT-CUP SUFI-2 |
author_facet |
Hadi Babaei Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian Moses Karakouzian Sajjad Ahmad |
author_sort |
Hadi Babaei |
title |
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin |
title_short |
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin |
title_full |
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin |
title_fullStr |
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin |
title_sort |
identification of critical source areas (csas) and evaluation of best management practices (bmps) in controlling eutrophication in the dez river basin |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Environments |
issn |
2076-3298 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are commonly used to control pollution in the river basins. Prioritization of BMPs helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of pollution reduction, especially in Critical Source Areas (CSAs) that produce the highest pollution loads. Recently, the Dez River in Khuzestan, Iran, has become highly eutrophic from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. In this basin, dry and irrigated farming produce 77.34% and 6.3% of the Total Nitrogen (TN) load, and 83.56% and 4.3% of the Total Phosphorus (TP) load, respectively. In addition, residential, pasture, and forest land uses together account for 16.36% of the TN and 12.14% of the TP load in this area. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was implemented to model the Dez River basin and evaluate the applicability of several BMPs, including point source elimination, filter strips, livestock grazing, and river channel management, in reducing the entry of pollution loads to the river. Sensitivity analysis and calibration/validation of the model was performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm in the SWAT Calibration Uncertainties Program (SWAT-CUP). The CSAs were identified using individual (sediment, TN, TP) and combined indices, based on the amount of pollution produced. Among the BMPs implemented, the 10 m filter strip was most effective in reducing TN load (42.61%), and TP load (39.57%). |
topic |
water quality SWAT SWAT-CUP SUFI-2 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/6/2/20 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hadibabaei identificationofcriticalsourceareascsasandevaluationofbestmanagementpracticesbmpsincontrollingeutrophicationinthedezriverbasin AT mohammadnazarisharabian identificationofcriticalsourceareascsasandevaluationofbestmanagementpracticesbmpsincontrollingeutrophicationinthedezriverbasin AT moseskarakouzian identificationofcriticalsourceareascsasandevaluationofbestmanagementpracticesbmpsincontrollingeutrophicationinthedezriverbasin AT sajjadahmad identificationofcriticalsourceareascsasandevaluationofbestmanagementpracticesbmpsincontrollingeutrophicationinthedezriverbasin |
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