Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry

Natural graphite, a locally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost carbonaceous source, can be easily transformed into exfoliated graphite (EG) with many surface functional groups via a chemical oxidation route. Combination between EG and magnetic MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>...

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Main Authors: Van Thinh Pham, Hong-Tham T. Nguyen, Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen, Hanh T. N. Le, Thuong Thi Nguyen, Nhan Thi Hong Le, Kwon Teak Lim, Trinh Duy Nguyen, Thuan Van Tran, Long Giang Bach
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-05-01
Series:Processes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/5/305
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spelling doaj-644291f05af14e98b6df095603df4d9d2020-11-24T22:26:10ZengMDPI AGProcesses2227-97172019-05-017530510.3390/pr7050305pr7050305Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface ChemistryVan Thinh Pham0Hong-Tham T. Nguyen1Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen2Hanh T. N. Le3Thuong Thi Nguyen4Nhan Thi Hong Le5Kwon Teak Lim6Trinh Duy Nguyen7Thuan Van Tran8Long Giang Bach9NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamInstitute of Hygiene and Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamHo Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 703500, VietnamDepartment of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, KoreaNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamNTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, VietnamNatural graphite, a locally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost carbonaceous source, can be easily transformed into exfoliated graphite (EG) with many surface functional groups via a chemical oxidation route. Combination between EG and magnetic MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is a promising strategy to create a hybrid kind of nanocomposite (EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) for the efficient adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from water. Here, we reported the facile synthesis and characterization of chemical bonds of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, the quantity method by Boehm titration was employed to identify the content of functional groups: Carboxylic acid (0.044 mmol/g), phenol (0.032 mmol/g), lactone (0.020 mmol/g), and total base (0.0156 mmol/g) on the surface of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Through the response surface methodology-optimized models, we found a clear difference in the adsorption capacity between EG-decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (62.0 mg/g) and MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> without EG decoration (11.1 mg/g). This result was also interpreted via a proposed mechanism to elucidate the contribution of surface functional groups of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to adsorption efficiency towards CR dye.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/5/305surface functional groupsexfoliated graphiteBoehm titrationMnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticlesCongo red decontaminationresponse surface methodology
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Van Thinh Pham
Hong-Tham T. Nguyen
Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
Hanh T. N. Le
Thuong Thi Nguyen
Nhan Thi Hong Le
Kwon Teak Lim
Trinh Duy Nguyen
Thuan Van Tran
Long Giang Bach
spellingShingle Van Thinh Pham
Hong-Tham T. Nguyen
Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
Hanh T. N. Le
Thuong Thi Nguyen
Nhan Thi Hong Le
Kwon Teak Lim
Trinh Duy Nguyen
Thuan Van Tran
Long Giang Bach
Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
Processes
surface functional groups
exfoliated graphite
Boehm titration
MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles
Congo red decontamination
response surface methodology
author_facet Van Thinh Pham
Hong-Tham T. Nguyen
Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
Hanh T. N. Le
Thuong Thi Nguyen
Nhan Thi Hong Le
Kwon Teak Lim
Trinh Duy Nguyen
Thuan Van Tran
Long Giang Bach
author_sort Van Thinh Pham
title Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
title_short Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
title_full Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
title_fullStr Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
title_full_unstemmed Process Optimization by a Response Surface Methodology for Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto Exfoliated Graphite-Decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite: The Pivotal Role of Surface Chemistry
title_sort process optimization by a response surface methodology for adsorption of congo red dye onto exfoliated graphite-decorated mnfe<sub>2</sub>o<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite: the pivotal role of surface chemistry
publisher MDPI AG
series Processes
issn 2227-9717
publishDate 2019-05-01
description Natural graphite, a locally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost carbonaceous source, can be easily transformed into exfoliated graphite (EG) with many surface functional groups via a chemical oxidation route. Combination between EG and magnetic MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is a promising strategy to create a hybrid kind of nanocomposite (EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) for the efficient adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from water. Here, we reported the facile synthesis and characterization of chemical bonds of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, the quantity method by Boehm titration was employed to identify the content of functional groups: Carboxylic acid (0.044 mmol/g), phenol (0.032 mmol/g), lactone (0.020 mmol/g), and total base (0.0156 mmol/g) on the surface of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Through the response surface methodology-optimized models, we found a clear difference in the adsorption capacity between EG-decorated MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (62.0 mg/g) and MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> without EG decoration (11.1 mg/g). This result was also interpreted via a proposed mechanism to elucidate the contribution of surface functional groups of EG@MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to adsorption efficiency towards CR dye.
topic surface functional groups
exfoliated graphite
Boehm titration
MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles
Congo red decontamination
response surface methodology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/5/305
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