Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid particles that are secreted by all cell types and function as cell-to-cell communicators through their cargos of protein, nucleic acid, lipids, and metabolites, which are derived from their parent cells. There is limited information on the isolat...
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doaj-6448865862d7488f870d0d783ba33e682021-07-23T13:57:57ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-07-01111858185810.3390/nano11071858Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current StatusShu Hua0Peter Mark Bartold1Karan Gulati2Corey Stephen Moran3Sašo Ivanovski4Pingping Han5Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaEpigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaEpigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, AustraliaExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid particles that are secreted by all cell types and function as cell-to-cell communicators through their cargos of protein, nucleic acid, lipids, and metabolites, which are derived from their parent cells. There is limited information on the isolation and the emerging therapeutic role of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived small EVs (sEVs, <200 nm, or exosome). In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of three EV subtypes (sEVs, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) and the emerging role of sEVs from periodontal ligament (stem) cells, gingival fibroblasts (or gingival mesenchymal stem cells) and dental pulp cells, and their therapeutic potential <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. A review of the relevant methodology found that precipitation-based kits and ultracentrifugation are the two most common methods to isolate periodontal (dental pulp) cell sEVs. Periodontal (and pulp) cell sEVs range in size, from 40 nm to 2 μm, due to a lack of standardized isolation protocols. Nevertheless, our review found that these EVs possess anti-inflammatory, osteo/odontogenic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory functions <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, via reported EV cargos of EV–miRNAs, EV–circRNAs, EV–mRNAs and EV–lncRNAs. This review highlights the considerable therapeutic potential of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived sEVs in various regenerative applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1858extracellular vesiclesexosomesnanomedicineregenerationcell-free therapy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shu Hua Peter Mark Bartold Karan Gulati Corey Stephen Moran Sašo Ivanovski Pingping Han |
spellingShingle |
Shu Hua Peter Mark Bartold Karan Gulati Corey Stephen Moran Sašo Ivanovski Pingping Han Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status Nanomaterials extracellular vesicles exosomes nanomedicine regeneration cell-free therapy |
author_facet |
Shu Hua Peter Mark Bartold Karan Gulati Corey Stephen Moran Sašo Ivanovski Pingping Han |
author_sort |
Shu Hua |
title |
Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status |
title_short |
Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status |
title_full |
Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status |
title_fullStr |
Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status |
title_full_unstemmed |
Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status |
title_sort |
periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a review of the current status |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid particles that are secreted by all cell types and function as cell-to-cell communicators through their cargos of protein, nucleic acid, lipids, and metabolites, which are derived from their parent cells. There is limited information on the isolation and the emerging therapeutic role of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived small EVs (sEVs, <200 nm, or exosome). In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of three EV subtypes (sEVs, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) and the emerging role of sEVs from periodontal ligament (stem) cells, gingival fibroblasts (or gingival mesenchymal stem cells) and dental pulp cells, and their therapeutic potential <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. A review of the relevant methodology found that precipitation-based kits and ultracentrifugation are the two most common methods to isolate periodontal (dental pulp) cell sEVs. Periodontal (and pulp) cell sEVs range in size, from 40 nm to 2 μm, due to a lack of standardized isolation protocols. Nevertheless, our review found that these EVs possess anti-inflammatory, osteo/odontogenic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory functions <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, via reported EV cargos of EV–miRNAs, EV–circRNAs, EV–mRNAs and EV–lncRNAs. This review highlights the considerable therapeutic potential of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived sEVs in various regenerative applications. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles exosomes nanomedicine regeneration cell-free therapy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1858 |
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