Temperament and Character Profile and Its Clinical Correlates in Male Patients with Dual Schizophrenia

• Main Authors: Laura Río-Martínez, Julia E. Marquez-Arrico, Gemma Prat, Ana Adan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical Medicine
• Subjects: temperament; character; personality; substance use disorder; schizophrenia; dual schizophrenia
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1876

Personality traits are relevant in understanding substance use disorders (SUD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but few works have also included patients with dual schizophrenia (SZ+) and personality traits. We explored personality profile in a sample of 165 male patients under treatment, using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. The participants were assigned to three groups of 55 patients each, according to previous diagnosis: SUD, SZ- and SZ+ (without/with SUD). We analyzed their clinical characteristics, relating them to personality dimensions. The SUD and SZ+ groups scored higher than SZ- in Novelty/Sensation Seeking. SZ- and SZ+ presented higher Harm Avoidance and lower Persistence than the SUD group. SZ+ patients showed the lowest levels of Self-directedness, while SZ- and SZ+ had higher scores in Self-transcendence than the SUD group. Several clinical characteristics were associated with personality dimensions depending on diagnosis, and remarkably so for psychiatric symptoms in the SZ- and SZ+ groups. The three groups had a maladaptive personality profile compared to general population. Our results point to different profiles for SUD versus SZ, while both profiles appear combined in the SZ+ group, with extreme scores in some traits. Thus, considering personality endophenotypes in SZ+ could help in designing individualized interventions for this group.