The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses
Abstract Background This was a panel study of the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in does in an endemic dairy goat enterprise in Victoria, Australia. Our first objective was to determine the prevalence of does shedding C. burnetii at the time of parturition and to quantify the concentration of g...
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doaj-6493424221024903a92610c50b36ca122020-11-25T01:11:45ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482018-11-011411910.1186/s12917-018-1667-xThe prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield lossesJosé T. Canevari0Simon M. Firestone1Gemma Vincent2Angus Campbell3Tabita Tan4Michael Muleme5Alexander W. N. Cameron6Mark A. Stevenson7Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneAsia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneAustralian Rickettsial Reference LaboratoryAsia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneAsia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneAsia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneMeredith DairyAsia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneAbstract Background This was a panel study of the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in does in an endemic dairy goat enterprise in Victoria, Australia. Our first objective was to determine the prevalence of does shedding C. burnetii at the time of parturition and to quantify the concentration of genome equivalents (GE) present in each C. burnetii positive sample. Our second objective was to determine the proportion of positive does that were persistent shedders. Our final objective was to quantify the association between C. burnetii qPCR status at the time of kidding and daily milk volumes produced during the subsequent lactation. Results Vaginal swabs (n= 490) were collected from does at the time of kidding and analysed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Shedding of C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 12% to 18%) of the sampled does. Does were classified as qPCR-negative, qPCR-positive low and qPCR-positive high based on the estimated concentration of GE from the qPCR. Persistent shedding at relatively low concentrations was detected in 20% (95% CI: 10% to35%) of shedding does sampled again at their subsequent parturition. After controlling for possible confounders and adjusting for variation in daily milk yields at the individual doe level, daily milk yields for qPCR-positive high does were reduced by 17% (95% CI: 3% to 32%) compared to qPCR-negative does (p= 0.02). Conclusions Shedding concentrations of C. burnetii were highly skewed, with a relatively small group of does shedding relatively high quantities of C. burnetii. Further, high shedding does had reduced milk yields compared to qPCR-negative does. Early detection and culling of high shedding does would result in increased farm profitability and reduce the risk of Q fever transmission.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1667-xCoxiella burnetiiCoxiellosisQ feverDairy goatsSuper sheddersProduction losses |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
José T. Canevari Simon M. Firestone Gemma Vincent Angus Campbell Tabita Tan Michael Muleme Alexander W. N. Cameron Mark A. Stevenson |
spellingShingle |
José T. Canevari Simon M. Firestone Gemma Vincent Angus Campbell Tabita Tan Michael Muleme Alexander W. N. Cameron Mark A. Stevenson The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses BMC Veterinary Research Coxiella burnetii Coxiellosis Q fever Dairy goats Super shedders Production losses |
author_facet |
José T. Canevari Simon M. Firestone Gemma Vincent Angus Campbell Tabita Tan Michael Muleme Alexander W. N. Cameron Mark A. Stevenson |
author_sort |
José T. Canevari |
title |
The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
title_short |
The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
title_full |
The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
title_fullStr |
The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
title_full_unstemmed |
The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
title_sort |
prevalence of coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Background This was a panel study of the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in does in an endemic dairy goat enterprise in Victoria, Australia. Our first objective was to determine the prevalence of does shedding C. burnetii at the time of parturition and to quantify the concentration of genome equivalents (GE) present in each C. burnetii positive sample. Our second objective was to determine the proportion of positive does that were persistent shedders. Our final objective was to quantify the association between C. burnetii qPCR status at the time of kidding and daily milk volumes produced during the subsequent lactation. Results Vaginal swabs (n= 490) were collected from does at the time of kidding and analysed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Shedding of C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 12% to 18%) of the sampled does. Does were classified as qPCR-negative, qPCR-positive low and qPCR-positive high based on the estimated concentration of GE from the qPCR. Persistent shedding at relatively low concentrations was detected in 20% (95% CI: 10% to35%) of shedding does sampled again at their subsequent parturition. After controlling for possible confounders and adjusting for variation in daily milk yields at the individual doe level, daily milk yields for qPCR-positive high does were reduced by 17% (95% CI: 3% to 32%) compared to qPCR-negative does (p= 0.02). Conclusions Shedding concentrations of C. burnetii were highly skewed, with a relatively small group of does shedding relatively high quantities of C. burnetii. Further, high shedding does had reduced milk yields compared to qPCR-negative does. Early detection and culling of high shedding does would result in increased farm profitability and reduce the risk of Q fever transmission. |
topic |
Coxiella burnetii Coxiellosis Q fever Dairy goats Super shedders Production losses |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1667-x |
work_keys_str_mv |
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