Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications
Niacin (also known as “vitamin B<sub>3</sub>„ or “vitamin PP„) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD...
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doaj-64955753ce154ecdb085227356527faa2020-11-24T20:48:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-0120497410.3390/ijms20040974ijms20040974Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical ApplicationsValeria Gasperi0Matteo Sibilano1Isabella Savini2Maria Valeria Catani3Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyNiacin (also known as “vitamin B<sub>3</sub>„ or “vitamin PP„) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B<sub>3</sub> has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/974central nervous systemdietNAD(P)neurodegenerative diseasesniacinnicotinamidenicotinic acidvitamin B<sub>3</sub> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Valeria Gasperi Matteo Sibilano Isabella Savini Maria Valeria Catani |
spellingShingle |
Valeria Gasperi Matteo Sibilano Isabella Savini Maria Valeria Catani Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences central nervous system diet NAD(P) neurodegenerative diseases niacin nicotinamide nicotinic acid vitamin B<sub>3</sub> |
author_facet |
Valeria Gasperi Matteo Sibilano Isabella Savini Maria Valeria Catani |
author_sort |
Valeria Gasperi |
title |
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications |
title_short |
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications |
title_full |
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications |
title_fullStr |
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications |
title_sort |
niacin in the central nervous system: an update of biological aspects and clinical applications |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Niacin (also known as “vitamin B<sub>3</sub>„ or “vitamin PP„) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B<sub>3</sub> has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders). |
topic |
central nervous system diet NAD(P) neurodegenerative diseases niacin nicotinamide nicotinic acid vitamin B<sub>3</sub> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/974 |
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