Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector
Despite the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ban on gene doping in the context of advancements in gene therapy, the risk of <i>EPO</i> gene-based doping among athletes is still present. To address this and similar risks, gene-doping tests are being developed in doping control laboratories...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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Series: | Genes |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1249 |
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doaj-649678e07173486eab6f78547ed5f450 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Takehito Sugasawa Takuro Nakano Shin-ichiro Fujita Yuki Matsumoto Genki Ishihara Kai Aoki Koki Yanazawa Seiko Ono Shinsuke Tamai Lev Manevich Haruna Ueda Noriyo Ishibashi Kenshirou Tamai Yasuharu Kanki Yasuko Yoshida Koichi Watanabe Tohru Takemasa Yasushi Kawakami Kazuhiro Takekoshi |
spellingShingle |
Takehito Sugasawa Takuro Nakano Shin-ichiro Fujita Yuki Matsumoto Genki Ishihara Kai Aoki Koki Yanazawa Seiko Ono Shinsuke Tamai Lev Manevich Haruna Ueda Noriyo Ishibashi Kenshirou Tamai Yasuharu Kanki Yasuko Yoshida Koichi Watanabe Tohru Takemasa Yasushi Kawakami Kazuhiro Takekoshi Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector Genes gene doping gene therapy erythropoietin adenoviral vector sports athlete |
author_facet |
Takehito Sugasawa Takuro Nakano Shin-ichiro Fujita Yuki Matsumoto Genki Ishihara Kai Aoki Koki Yanazawa Seiko Ono Shinsuke Tamai Lev Manevich Haruna Ueda Noriyo Ishibashi Kenshirou Tamai Yasuharu Kanki Yasuko Yoshida Koichi Watanabe Tohru Takemasa Yasushi Kawakami Kazuhiro Takekoshi |
author_sort |
Takehito Sugasawa |
title |
Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector |
title_short |
Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector |
title_full |
Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector |
title_fullStr |
Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector |
title_full_unstemmed |
Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral Vector |
title_sort |
proof of gene doping in a mouse model with a human erythropoietin gene transferred using an adenoviral vector |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Genes |
issn |
2073-4425 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Despite the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ban on gene doping in the context of advancements in gene therapy, the risk of <i>EPO</i> gene-based doping among athletes is still present. To address this and similar risks, gene-doping tests are being developed in doping control laboratories worldwide. In this regard, the present study was performed with two objectives: to develop a robust gene-doping mouse model with the human <i>EPO</i> gene (h<i>EPO</i>) transferred using recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) as a vector and to develop a detection method to identify gene doping by using this model. The rAdV including the h<i>EPO</i> gene was injected intravenously to transfer the gene to the liver. After injection, the mice showed significantly increased whole-blood red blood cell counts and increased expression of hematopoietic marker genes in the spleen, indicating successful development of the gene-doping model. Next, direct and potentially indirect proof of gene doping were evaluated in whole-blood DNA and RNA by using a quantitative PCR assay and RNA sequencing. Proof of doping could be detected in DNA and RNA samples from one drop of whole blood for approximately a month; furthermore, the overall RNA expression profiles showed significant changes, allowing advanced detection of h<i>EPO</i> gene doping. |
topic |
gene doping gene therapy erythropoietin adenoviral vector sports athlete |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1249 |
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doaj-649678e07173486eab6f78547ed5f4502021-08-26T13:47:06ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-08-01121249124910.3390/genes12081249Proof of Gene Doping in a Mouse Model with a Human Erythropoietin Gene Transferred Using an Adenoviral VectorTakehito Sugasawa0Takuro Nakano1Shin-ichiro Fujita2Yuki Matsumoto3Genki Ishihara4Kai Aoki5Koki Yanazawa6Seiko Ono7Shinsuke Tamai8Lev Manevich9Haruna Ueda10Noriyo Ishibashi11Kenshirou Tamai12Yasuharu Kanki13Yasuko Yoshida14Koichi Watanabe15Tohru Takemasa16Yasushi Kawakami17Kazuhiro Takekoshi18Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanResearch and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., 2-6-3 Chojamachi 5F, Yokohama 231-0033, JapanResearch and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., 2-6-3 Chojamachi 5F, Yokohama 231-0033, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanAnalyst-Accenture Technology, Intelligent Platform Services, Accenture Japan Ltd., Akasaka Intercity AIR, 1-8-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8672, JapanTsukuba i-Laboratory LLP, 2-1-17 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, JapanTsukuba i-Laboratory LLP, 2-1-17 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, JapanFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanLaboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanDespite the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ban on gene doping in the context of advancements in gene therapy, the risk of <i>EPO</i> gene-based doping among athletes is still present. To address this and similar risks, gene-doping tests are being developed in doping control laboratories worldwide. In this regard, the present study was performed with two objectives: to develop a robust gene-doping mouse model with the human <i>EPO</i> gene (h<i>EPO</i>) transferred using recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) as a vector and to develop a detection method to identify gene doping by using this model. The rAdV including the h<i>EPO</i> gene was injected intravenously to transfer the gene to the liver. After injection, the mice showed significantly increased whole-blood red blood cell counts and increased expression of hematopoietic marker genes in the spleen, indicating successful development of the gene-doping model. Next, direct and potentially indirect proof of gene doping were evaluated in whole-blood DNA and RNA by using a quantitative PCR assay and RNA sequencing. Proof of doping could be detected in DNA and RNA samples from one drop of whole blood for approximately a month; furthermore, the overall RNA expression profiles showed significant changes, allowing advanced detection of h<i>EPO</i> gene doping.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1249gene dopinggene therapyerythropoietinadenoviral vectorsportsathlete |