The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pathogen sensing receptors that respond to diverse microbial ligands, and trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Since their discovery, a growing body of evidence has pointed to an important role for TLRs in retroviral infection and pathoge...
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doaj-64e689398f24429d99d7936318a3da222020-11-25T04:10:02ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-11-0181787178710.3390/microorganisms8111787The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral InfectionEdward P. Browne0Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USAToll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pathogen sensing receptors that respond to diverse microbial ligands, and trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Since their discovery, a growing body of evidence has pointed to an important role for TLRs in retroviral infection and pathogenesis. These data suggest that multiple TLRs contribute to the anti-retroviral response, and that TLR engagement by retroviruses can have complex and divergent outcomes for infection. Despite this progress, numerous questions remain about the role of TLRs in retroviral infection. In this review, I summarize existing evidence for TLR-retrovirus interactions and the functional roles these receptors play in immunity and pathogenesis, with particular focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/11/1787<b>Keyword</b>s: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)innate immunityretrovirusinterferon |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Edward P. Browne |
spellingShingle |
Edward P. Browne The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection Microorganisms <b>Keyword</b>s: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) innate immunity retrovirus interferon |
author_facet |
Edward P. Browne |
author_sort |
Edward P. Browne |
title |
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection |
title_short |
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection |
title_full |
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Retroviral Infection |
title_sort |
role of toll-like receptors in retroviral infection |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pathogen sensing receptors that respond to diverse microbial ligands, and trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Since their discovery, a growing body of evidence has pointed to an important role for TLRs in retroviral infection and pathogenesis. These data suggest that multiple TLRs contribute to the anti-retroviral response, and that TLR engagement by retroviruses can have complex and divergent outcomes for infection. Despite this progress, numerous questions remain about the role of TLRs in retroviral infection. In this review, I summarize existing evidence for TLR-retrovirus interactions and the functional roles these receptors play in immunity and pathogenesis, with particular focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
topic |
<b>Keyword</b>s: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) innate immunity retrovirus interferon |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/11/1787 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT edwardpbrowne theroleoftolllikereceptorsinretroviralinfection AT edwardpbrowne roleoftolllikereceptorsinretroviralinfection |
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1724420847698968576 |