Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses
The role of rhinoviruses (RVs) in children with clinical syndromes not classically associated with RV infections is not well understood. We analyzed a cohort of children ≤21 years old who were PCR+ for RV at a large Pediatric Hospital from 2011 to 2013. Using univariate and multivariable logistic re...
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doaj-6530cde3a538467fae11f9f5a4ac3c202021-02-14T00:03:23ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-02-011329529510.3390/v13020295Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated IllnessesMaria I. Sanchez-Codez0Katherine Moyer1Isabel Benavente-Fernández2Amy L. Leber3Octavio Ramilo4Asuncion Mejias5Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009 Cadiz, SpainDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Inova Children’s Hospital, Falls Church, VA,22042 USADepartment of Paediatrics, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Vaccines and Immunity Nationwide Children’s Hospital—The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Vaccines and Immunity Nationwide Children’s Hospital—The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USAThe role of rhinoviruses (RVs) in children with clinical syndromes not classically associated with RV infections is not well understood. We analyzed a cohort of children ≤21 years old who were PCR+ for RV at a large Pediatric Hospital from 2011 to 2013. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, we analyzed the associations between demographic, clinical characteristics, microbiology data, and clinical outcomes in children with compatible symptoms and incidental RV detection. Of the 2473 children (inpatients and outpatients) with an RV+ PCR, 2382 (96%) had compatible symptoms, and 91 (4%) did not. The overall median age was 14 months and 78% had underlying comorbidities. No differences in RV viral loads were found according to the presence of compatible symptoms, while in children with classic RV symptoms, RV viral loads were higher in single RV infections versus RV viral co-infections. Bacterial co-infections were more common in RV incidental detection (7.6%) than in children with compatible symptoms (1.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The presence of compatible symptoms independently increased the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) of hospitalization 4.8 (3.1–7.4)), prolonged hospital stays 1.9 (1.1–3.1), need for oxygen 12 (5.8–25.0) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission 4.13 (2.0–8.2). Thus, despite comparable RV loads, disease severity was significantly worse in children with compatible symptoms.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/295rhinovirusrespiratory tract diseasessigns and symptomsrespiratoryinfectionsviral load |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maria I. Sanchez-Codez Katherine Moyer Isabel Benavente-Fernández Amy L. Leber Octavio Ramilo Asuncion Mejias |
spellingShingle |
Maria I. Sanchez-Codez Katherine Moyer Isabel Benavente-Fernández Amy L. Leber Octavio Ramilo Asuncion Mejias Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses Viruses rhinovirus respiratory tract diseases signs and symptoms respiratory infections viral load |
author_facet |
Maria I. Sanchez-Codez Katherine Moyer Isabel Benavente-Fernández Amy L. Leber Octavio Ramilo Asuncion Mejias |
author_sort |
Maria I. Sanchez-Codez |
title |
Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses |
title_short |
Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses |
title_full |
Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses |
title_fullStr |
Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses |
title_sort |
viral loads and disease severity in children with rhinovirus-associated illnesses |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
The role of rhinoviruses (RVs) in children with clinical syndromes not classically associated with RV infections is not well understood. We analyzed a cohort of children ≤21 years old who were PCR+ for RV at a large Pediatric Hospital from 2011 to 2013. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, we analyzed the associations between demographic, clinical characteristics, microbiology data, and clinical outcomes in children with compatible symptoms and incidental RV detection. Of the 2473 children (inpatients and outpatients) with an RV+ PCR, 2382 (96%) had compatible symptoms, and 91 (4%) did not. The overall median age was 14 months and 78% had underlying comorbidities. No differences in RV viral loads were found according to the presence of compatible symptoms, while in children with classic RV symptoms, RV viral loads were higher in single RV infections versus RV viral co-infections. Bacterial co-infections were more common in RV incidental detection (7.6%) than in children with compatible symptoms (1.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The presence of compatible symptoms independently increased the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) of hospitalization 4.8 (3.1–7.4)), prolonged hospital stays 1.9 (1.1–3.1), need for oxygen 12 (5.8–25.0) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission 4.13 (2.0–8.2). Thus, despite comparable RV loads, disease severity was significantly worse in children with compatible symptoms. |
topic |
rhinovirus respiratory tract diseases signs and symptoms respiratory infections viral load |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/295 |
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