Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)
Abstract Background Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is the most widely distributed ixodid tick and is a vector of major canine and human pathogens. High-throughput technologies have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa and viruse...
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2019-01-01
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Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3194-9 |
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record_format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz Eleonore Allain Abdullah S. Ahmad Muhammad A. Saeed Imran Rashid Kamran Ashraf Lena Yousfi Wasim Shehzad Lea Indjein Manuel Rodriguez-Valle Agustin Estrada-Peña Dasiel Obregón Abdul Jabbar Sara Moutailler |
spellingShingle |
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz Eleonore Allain Abdullah S. Ahmad Muhammad A. Saeed Imran Rashid Kamran Ashraf Lena Yousfi Wasim Shehzad Lea Indjein Manuel Rodriguez-Valle Agustin Estrada-Peña Dasiel Obregón Abdul Jabbar Sara Moutailler Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) Parasites & Vectors Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) Co-infection Ehrlichia canis Rickettsia massiliae Genetic diversity |
author_facet |
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz Eleonore Allain Abdullah S. Ahmad Muhammad A. Saeed Imran Rashid Kamran Ashraf Lena Yousfi Wasim Shehzad Lea Indjein Manuel Rodriguez-Valle Agustin Estrada-Peña Dasiel Obregón Abdul Jabbar Sara Moutailler |
author_sort |
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz |
title |
Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
title_short |
Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
title_full |
Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
title_fullStr |
Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
title_sort |
low genetic diversity of ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is the most widely distributed ixodid tick and is a vector of major canine and human pathogens. High-throughput technologies have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Currently, it is accepted that co-infections (multiple pathogen species within an individual) are very common in ticks and influence pathogen acquisition and transmission as well as host infection risk. However, little is known on the impact of the genetic diversity of pathogens on the incidence of co-infections. Herein, we studied the frequency of co-infections in R. sanguineus (s.l.) and their association with the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis. Methods Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) female ticks (n = 235) were collected from healthy farm dogs in three districts of Pakistan. Microfluidic real-time PCR, a powerful nanotechnology for high-throughput molecular detection of pathogens, was used to test the presence of 25 bacterial and seven parasitic species in individual ticks. The genetic diversity of E. canis was evaluated by characterizing the trp36 gene. Results A total of 204 ticks were infected with at least one pathogen and 109 co-infected with two (80%) or three (20%) pathogens. Rickettsia massiliae (human pathogen) and E. canis (zoonotic dog pathogen) were the most common pathogens co-infecting (30.4%) ticks. Furthermore, all identified co-infections included R. massiliae and/or E. canis. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed that single infections did not show clear regional association whereas some co-infections were restricted to certain geographical regions. The sequence analysis of trp36 in representative samples allowed the identification of three E. canis strains with low genetic diversity, and the strain found in Muzaffargarh district appeared to be more adapted to co-infection with R. massiliae. Conclusions Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) harbors multiple co-infections with human and dog pathogens of zoonotic potential. Findings of this study suggest that genetic diversity of E. canis may favor co-infections with different pathogens. |
topic |
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) Co-infection Ehrlichia canis Rickettsia massiliae Genetic diversity |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3194-9 |
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doaj-653707ec20e94b7eb00b4f34371276fd2020-11-25T01:29:33ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052019-01-0112111310.1186/s13071-018-3194-9Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz0Eleonore Allain1Abdullah S. Ahmad2Muhammad A. Saeed3Imran Rashid4Kamran Ashraf5Lena Yousfi6Wasim Shehzad7Lea Indjein8Manuel Rodriguez-Valle9Agustin Estrada-Peña10Dasiel Obregón11Abdul Jabbar12Sara Moutailler13UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-EstUMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-EstDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-EstInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneQueensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of QueenslandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of ZaragozaCell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao PauloDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of MelbourneUMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-EstAbstract Background Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is the most widely distributed ixodid tick and is a vector of major canine and human pathogens. High-throughput technologies have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Currently, it is accepted that co-infections (multiple pathogen species within an individual) are very common in ticks and influence pathogen acquisition and transmission as well as host infection risk. However, little is known on the impact of the genetic diversity of pathogens on the incidence of co-infections. Herein, we studied the frequency of co-infections in R. sanguineus (s.l.) and their association with the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis. Methods Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) female ticks (n = 235) were collected from healthy farm dogs in three districts of Pakistan. Microfluidic real-time PCR, a powerful nanotechnology for high-throughput molecular detection of pathogens, was used to test the presence of 25 bacterial and seven parasitic species in individual ticks. The genetic diversity of E. canis was evaluated by characterizing the trp36 gene. Results A total of 204 ticks were infected with at least one pathogen and 109 co-infected with two (80%) or three (20%) pathogens. Rickettsia massiliae (human pathogen) and E. canis (zoonotic dog pathogen) were the most common pathogens co-infecting (30.4%) ticks. Furthermore, all identified co-infections included R. massiliae and/or E. canis. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed that single infections did not show clear regional association whereas some co-infections were restricted to certain geographical regions. The sequence analysis of trp36 in representative samples allowed the identification of three E. canis strains with low genetic diversity, and the strain found in Muzaffargarh district appeared to be more adapted to co-infection with R. massiliae. Conclusions Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) harbors multiple co-infections with human and dog pathogens of zoonotic potential. Findings of this study suggest that genetic diversity of E. canis may favor co-infections with different pathogens.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3194-9Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)Co-infectionEhrlichia canisRickettsia massiliaeGenetic diversity |