Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids
The nutraceutical potential of microalgae boomed with the exploitation of new species and sustainable extraction systems of bioactive compounds. Thus, a laboratory-made continuous pressurized solvent extraction system (CPSE) was built to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds, such as caro...
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doaj-65421f5cbbc24343b073cabf99db7e122020-11-25T02:16:54ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972018-09-0116932710.3390/md16090327md16090327Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty AcidsHelena M. Amaro0A. Catarina Guedes1Marco A. C. Preto2I. Sousa-Pinto3F. Xavier Malcata4Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P-4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P-4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P-4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P-4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalLEPABE—Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, P-4200-465 Porto, PortugalThe nutraceutical potential of microalgae boomed with the exploitation of new species and sustainable extraction systems of bioactive compounds. Thus, a laboratory-made continuous pressurized solvent extraction system (CPSE) was built to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids and PUFA, from a scarcely studied prokaryotic microalga, Gloeothece sp. Following “green chemical principles” and using a GRAS solvent (ethanol), biomass amount, solvent flow-rate/pressure, temperature and solvent volume—including solvent recirculation—were sequentially optimized, with the carotenoids and PUFA content and antioxidant capacity being the objective functions. Gloeothece sp. bioactive compounds were best extracted at 60 °C and 180 bar. Recirculation of solvent in several cycles (C) led to an 11-fold extraction increase of β-carotene (3C) and 7.4-fold extraction of C18:2 n6 t (5C) when compared to operation in open systems. To fully validate results CPSE, this system was compared to a conventional extraction method, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). CPSE proved superior in extraction yield, increasing total carotenoids extraction up 3-fold and total PUFA extraction by ca. 1.5-fold, with particular extraction increase of 18:3 n3 by 9.6-fold. Thus, CPSE proved to be an efficient and greener extraction method to obtain bioactive extract from Gloeothece sp. for nutraceutical purposes—with low levels of resources spent, while lowering costs of production and environmental impacts.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/9/327CPSEpressurized liquid extractionPUFAantioxidantcyanobacteriamicroalga |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Helena M. Amaro A. Catarina Guedes Marco A. C. Preto I. Sousa-Pinto F. Xavier Malcata |
spellingShingle |
Helena M. Amaro A. Catarina Guedes Marco A. C. Preto I. Sousa-Pinto F. Xavier Malcata Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids Marine Drugs CPSE pressurized liquid extraction PUFA antioxidant cyanobacteria microalga |
author_facet |
Helena M. Amaro A. Catarina Guedes Marco A. C. Preto I. Sousa-Pinto F. Xavier Malcata |
author_sort |
Helena M. Amaro |
title |
Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids |
title_short |
Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids |
title_full |
Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids |
title_fullStr |
Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gloeothece sp. as a Nutraceutical Source—An Improved Method of Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids |
title_sort |
gloeothece sp. as a nutraceutical source—an improved method of extraction of carotenoids and fatty acids |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Marine Drugs |
issn |
1660-3397 |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
The nutraceutical potential of microalgae boomed with the exploitation of new species and sustainable extraction systems of bioactive compounds. Thus, a laboratory-made continuous pressurized solvent extraction system (CPSE) was built to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids and PUFA, from a scarcely studied prokaryotic microalga, Gloeothece sp. Following “green chemical principles” and using a GRAS solvent (ethanol), biomass amount, solvent flow-rate/pressure, temperature and solvent volume—including solvent recirculation—were sequentially optimized, with the carotenoids and PUFA content and antioxidant capacity being the objective functions. Gloeothece sp. bioactive compounds were best extracted at 60 °C and 180 bar. Recirculation of solvent in several cycles (C) led to an 11-fold extraction increase of β-carotene (3C) and 7.4-fold extraction of C18:2 n6 t (5C) when compared to operation in open systems. To fully validate results CPSE, this system was compared to a conventional extraction method, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). CPSE proved superior in extraction yield, increasing total carotenoids extraction up 3-fold and total PUFA extraction by ca. 1.5-fold, with particular extraction increase of 18:3 n3 by 9.6-fold. Thus, CPSE proved to be an efficient and greener extraction method to obtain bioactive extract from Gloeothece sp. for nutraceutical purposes—with low levels of resources spent, while lowering costs of production and environmental impacts. |
topic |
CPSE pressurized liquid extraction PUFA antioxidant cyanobacteria microalga |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/9/327 |
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