Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children
Background: The prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis varies from 0.01–0.03%. Urolithiasis may be caused by anatomical, metabolic and environmental factors. Recurrence varies between 16 to 67%, and it is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities. The objective of the present work was the ide...
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doaj-6544f49f100f4891a18f36cc128e25592021-04-02T03:09:24ZengPermanyerBoletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México1665-11462016-07-0173422823610.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.05.006Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among childrenFrancisco Velásquez-Forero0Mariela Esparza1Alejandro Salas2Mara Medeiros3Georgina Toussaint4Francisco Llach5Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez; Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoFormer Director of Clinical Nephrology and Hypertension. Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USABackground: The prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis varies from 0.01–0.03%. Urolithiasis may be caused by anatomical, metabolic and environmental factors. Recurrence varies between 16 to 67%, and it is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities. The objective of the present work was the identification of risk factors that promote urolithiasis in a child population. Methods: This study included 162 children with urolithiasis and normal renal function (mean age 7.5 years). Risk factors were investigated in two stages. In the first stage, 24-hour urine, and blood samples were analyzed to assess metabolic parameters and urinary tract infection. During the second stage, the effect of calcium restriction and a calcium load on renal Ca excretion were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Urolithiasis was observed in 0.02% of children, 50% of them with family history of urinary stones. There were multiple risk factors for urolithiasis including hypocitraturia (70%), hypomagnesuria (42%), hypercalciuria (37%; in 11/102 was by intestinal hyperabsorption, in 13/102 was unclassified. Ca resorption or renal Ca leak were not detected). We also detected alkaline urine (21%), systemic metabolic acidosis (20%), urinary infections (16%), nephrocalcinosis with urolithiasis (11%), oliguria (8%), urinary tract anomalies, hyperuricosemia and hypermagnesemia (7% each one), hypercalcemia (6%), hyperoxaluria (2%) and hypercystinuria (0.61%). Conclusions: Hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria were the most frequent risk factors associated with urolithiasis, followed by hypercalciuria. High PTH values were excluded. Children presented two or more risk factors for urolithiasis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665114616300715HypocitraturiaHypomagnesuriaHypercalciuriaPediatric urolithiasisSystemic metabolic acidosisUrolithiasis risk factors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francisco Velásquez-Forero Mariela Esparza Alejandro Salas Mara Medeiros Georgina Toussaint Francisco Llach |
spellingShingle |
Francisco Velásquez-Forero Mariela Esparza Alejandro Salas Mara Medeiros Georgina Toussaint Francisco Llach Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México Hypocitraturia Hypomagnesuria Hypercalciuria Pediatric urolithiasis Systemic metabolic acidosis Urolithiasis risk factors |
author_facet |
Francisco Velásquez-Forero Mariela Esparza Alejandro Salas Mara Medeiros Georgina Toussaint Francisco Llach |
author_sort |
Francisco Velásquez-Forero |
title |
Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
title_short |
Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
title_full |
Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
title_fullStr |
Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
title_sort |
risk factors evaluation for urolithiasis among children |
publisher |
Permanyer |
series |
Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México |
issn |
1665-1146 |
publishDate |
2016-07-01 |
description |
Background: The prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis varies from 0.01–0.03%. Urolithiasis may be caused by anatomical, metabolic and environmental factors. Recurrence varies between 16 to 67%, and it is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities. The objective of the present work was the identification of risk factors that promote urolithiasis in a child population.
Methods: This study included 162 children with urolithiasis and normal renal function (mean age 7.5 years). Risk factors were investigated in two stages. In the first stage, 24-hour urine, and blood samples were analyzed to assess metabolic parameters and urinary tract infection. During the second stage, the effect of calcium restriction and a calcium load on renal Ca excretion were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed.
Results: Urolithiasis was observed in 0.02% of children, 50% of them with family history of urinary stones. There were multiple risk factors for urolithiasis including hypocitraturia (70%), hypomagnesuria (42%), hypercalciuria (37%; in 11/102 was by intestinal hyperabsorption, in 13/102 was unclassified. Ca resorption or renal Ca leak were not detected). We also detected alkaline urine (21%), systemic metabolic acidosis (20%), urinary infections (16%), nephrocalcinosis with urolithiasis (11%), oliguria (8%), urinary tract anomalies, hyperuricosemia and hypermagnesemia (7% each one), hypercalcemia (6%), hyperoxaluria (2%) and hypercystinuria (0.61%).
Conclusions: Hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria were the most frequent risk factors associated with urolithiasis, followed by hypercalciuria. High PTH values were excluded. Children presented two or more risk factors for urolithiasis. |
topic |
Hypocitraturia Hypomagnesuria Hypercalciuria Pediatric urolithiasis Systemic metabolic acidosis Urolithiasis risk factors |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665114616300715 |
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