Optimizing heartworm diagnosis in dogs using multiple test combinations
Abstract Background Various heartworm (HW) diagnostic testing modalities detect products of, or reactions to, different life cycle stages of Dirofilaria immitis. Microfilariae (Mf) can be directly visualized in blood, antigen (Ag) from immature and adult heartworms may be detected on commercial assa...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-04-01
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Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04715-4 |