The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers

The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers

Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show...

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Main Authors: Sarah J. Wherry, Ryan M. Miller, Sarah H. Jeong, Kristen M. Beavers
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
caloric restriction
weight loss
bone loss
exercise
review
mechanisms
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1250
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spelling doaj-65594f49bf944661a5f690d23a20015b2021-04-10T23:01:39ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01131250125010.3390/nu13041250The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone BiomarkersSarah J. Wherry0Ryan M. Miller1Sarah H. Jeong2Kristen M. Beavers3Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Sections on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USAZ. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USADepartment of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USADespite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1250caloric restrictionweight lossbone lossexercisereviewmechanisms
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sarah J. Wherry
Ryan M. Miller
Sarah H. Jeong
Kristen M. Beavers
spellingShingle Sarah J. Wherry
Ryan M. Miller
Sarah H. Jeong
Kristen M. Beavers
The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
Nutrients
caloric restriction
weight loss
bone loss
exercise
review
mechanisms
author_facet Sarah J. Wherry
Ryan M. Miller
Sarah H. Jeong
Kristen M. Beavers
author_sort Sarah J. Wherry
title The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
title_short The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
title_full The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
title_fullStr The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers
title_sort ability of exercise to mitigate caloric restriction-induced bone loss in older adults: a structured review of rcts and narrative review of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers
publisher MDPI AG
series Nutrients
issn 2072-6643
publishDate 2021-04-01
description Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.
topic caloric restriction
weight loss
bone loss
exercise
review
mechanisms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1250
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