Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal Camellia oleifera Infected by the Fungus Exobasidium gracile Could Have a Functional Use

Camellia oleifera is an important Chinese commercial crop. Camellia oleifera can display abnormal leaves due to infection by the parasitic fungus Exobasidium gracile. Exobasidium gracile was isolated from infected leaves and...

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Main Authors:	Zhe Dong, Wen Liu, Dejian Zhou, Peipei Li, Teng Wang, Kunlai Sun, Yuqin Zhao, Jie Wang, Bin Wang, Yin Chen
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-05-01
Series:	Molecules
Subjects:	<i>Camellia oleifera</i> <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exoplysaccharide immunoregulatory activity
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2048

id	doaj-6579c63a48a54e48b5fd2971c253d396
record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-6579c63a48a54e48b5fd2971c253d3962020-11-25T01:59:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-05-012411204810.3390/molecules24112048molecules24112048Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional UseZhe Dong0Wen Liu1Dejian Zhou2Peipei Li3Teng Wang4Kunlai Sun5Yuqin Zhao6Jie Wang7Bin Wang8Yin Chen9College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaCollege of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaCollege of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaMarine School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315000, ChinaCollege of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, ChinaCollege of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, China<i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important Chinese commercial crop. <i>Camellia oleifera</i> can display abnormal leaves due to infection by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i>. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> was isolated from infected leaves and used in fermentation, and exopolysaccharides EP0-1 and EP0.5-1 were purified from the fermentation broth. EP0-1 was an alkaline polysaccharide consisting mainly of the linkages α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→ and →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →3)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→ and→4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→5)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, and terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">D</span>-GlcN(1→. EP0.5-1 was an acidic galactofuranose-containing polysaccharide. It contained the linkages of α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→,→2, 6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, and →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-GlcUA(1→. Galactofuranose linkages were composed of terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→6)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf and (1→2)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exopolysaccharides displayed significant immunoregulatory activity by activating macrophages. This research indicates that infected leaves from <i>Camellia oleifera</i> including the exopolysaccharides produced by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> by are worth further investigation as a functional product.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2048<i>Camellia oleifera</i><i>Exobasidium gracile</i>exoplysaccharideimmunoregulatory activity
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Zhe Dong Wen Liu Dejian Zhou Peipei Li Teng Wang Kunlai Sun Yuqin Zhao Jie Wang Bin Wang Yin Chen
spellingShingle	Zhe Dong Wen Liu Dejian Zhou Peipei Li Teng Wang Kunlai Sun Yuqin Zhao Jie Wang Bin Wang Yin Chen Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use Molecules <i>Camellia oleifera</i> <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exoplysaccharide immunoregulatory activity
author_facet	Zhe Dong Wen Liu Dejian Zhou Peipei Li Teng Wang Kunlai Sun Yuqin Zhao Jie Wang Bin Wang Yin Chen
author_sort	Zhe Dong
title	Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use
title_short	Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use
title_full	Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use
title_fullStr	Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use
title_full_unstemmed	Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use
title_sort	bioactive exopolysaccharides reveal <i>camellia oleifera</i> infected by the fungus <i>exobasidium gracile</i> could have a functional use
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Molecules
issn	1420-3049
publishDate	2019-05-01
description	<i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important Chinese commercial crop. <i>Camellia oleifera</i> can display abnormal leaves due to infection by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i>. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> was isolated from infected leaves and used in fermentation, and exopolysaccharides EP0-1 and EP0.5-1 were purified from the fermentation broth. EP0-1 was an alkaline polysaccharide consisting mainly of the linkages α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→ and →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →3)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→ and→4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→5)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, and terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">D</span>-GlcN(1→. EP0.5-1 was an acidic galactofuranose-containing polysaccharide. It contained the linkages of α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→,→2, 6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, and →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-GlcUA(1→. Galactofuranose linkages were composed of terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→6)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf and (1→2)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exopolysaccharides displayed significant immunoregulatory activity by activating macrophages. This research indicates that infected leaves from <i>Camellia oleifera</i> including the exopolysaccharides produced by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> by are worth further investigation as a functional product.
topic	<i>Camellia oleifera</i> <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exoplysaccharide immunoregulatory activity
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2048
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Bioactive Exopolysaccharides Reveal <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Infected by the Fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> Could Have a Functional Use

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