Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia
Objectives: To predict the role of different clinical and biochemical parameters in identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A stratified random sample was selected. A detailed clinical...
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doaj-65fb988855d048ca8c6e8cfa7e1f4fbc2020-11-25T02:45:44ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-10-011080980910.3390/diagnostics10100809Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi ArabiaSuliman M. Al Humayed0Abdullah A. Al Sabaani1Ahmed A. Mahfouz2Nabil J. Awadalla3Mustafa Jafar Musa4Ayyub Patel5Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Applied Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaObjectives: To predict the role of different clinical and biochemical parameters in identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A stratified random sample was selected. A detailed clinical and biochemical examinations were performed. Using portable abdominal ultrasound examination, NAFLD was identified. The study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The study covered 237 T2DM patients. NAFLD was detected among 174 patients. Area under the curve (AUC) calculations showed that the ability of age, duration of DM in years, and body mass index to predict NAFLD was poor (AUC < 0.6). Similarly, biochemical factors like HbA1c%, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL were poor in discriminating between those with and without NAFLD among T2DM. On the other hand, the ability of ALT to predict NAFLD among T2DM was good (AUC = 0.701, 95% CI: 0.637–0.761). The analysis identified the optimal cutoff point of ALT to be ≤22.1 nmol/L. The corresponding sensitivity was 60.7% (95% CI: 53.0–68.0) and specificity was 62.5% (95% CI: 49.5–74.3). Conclusions: Early identification of NAFLD among T2DM is important. A threshold cutoff value of 22.1 nmol/L of ALT has been identified to predict NAFLD. They should be referred for ultrasound examination for NAFLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/10/809nonalcoholic fatty liver diseasetype 2 diabetes mellitusROC analysisALTSaudi Arabia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Suliman M. Al Humayed Abdullah A. Al Sabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Ayyub Patel |
spellingShingle |
Suliman M. Al Humayed Abdullah A. Al Sabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Ayyub Patel Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia Diagnostics nonalcoholic fatty liver disease type 2 diabetes mellitus ROC analysis ALT Saudi Arabia |
author_facet |
Suliman M. Al Humayed Abdullah A. Al Sabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Ayyub Patel |
author_sort |
Suliman M. Al Humayed |
title |
Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_short |
Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_full |
Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr |
Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Level in South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_sort |
clinical and biochemical predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at primary health care level in south western saudi arabia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Diagnostics |
issn |
2075-4418 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Objectives: To predict the role of different clinical and biochemical parameters in identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A stratified random sample was selected. A detailed clinical and biochemical examinations were performed. Using portable abdominal ultrasound examination, NAFLD was identified. The study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The study covered 237 T2DM patients. NAFLD was detected among 174 patients. Area under the curve (AUC) calculations showed that the ability of age, duration of DM in years, and body mass index to predict NAFLD was poor (AUC < 0.6). Similarly, biochemical factors like HbA1c%, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL were poor in discriminating between those with and without NAFLD among T2DM. On the other hand, the ability of ALT to predict NAFLD among T2DM was good (AUC = 0.701, 95% CI: 0.637–0.761). The analysis identified the optimal cutoff point of ALT to be ≤22.1 nmol/L. The corresponding sensitivity was 60.7% (95% CI: 53.0–68.0) and specificity was 62.5% (95% CI: 49.5–74.3). Conclusions: Early identification of NAFLD among T2DM is important. A threshold cutoff value of 22.1 nmol/L of ALT has been identified to predict NAFLD. They should be referred for ultrasound examination for NAFLD. |
topic |
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease type 2 diabetes mellitus ROC analysis ALT Saudi Arabia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/10/809 |
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