Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target
It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical...
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doaj-661f24ba00cf4875b7b4bc2814c9c8752020-11-25T01:12:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672016-03-0117335110.3390/ijms17030351ijms17030351Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the TargetZhen Jin0Jinzi Wu1Liang-Jun Yan2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USAIt is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to achieve the conditioning effects, namely preconditioning (Pre-C) and postconditioning (Post-C). In this review, we focus on chemical conditioning of mitochondrial proteins as targets for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury. Mitochondrial targets covered include complexes I, II, IV, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP), adenine dinucleotide translocase (ANT) and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). While numerous mitochondrial proteins have not been evaluated in the context of chemical conditioning and ischemic stroke tolerance, the paradigms and approaches reviewed in this article should provide general guidelines on testing those mitochondrial components that have not been investigated. A deep understanding of mitochondria as the target of chemical conditioning for ischemic stroke tolerance should provide valuable insights into strategies for fighting ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death in the world.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/3/351chemical conditioningischemic conditioninghypoxic conditioningmitochondrianeuroprotectionstroke injury |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhen Jin Jinzi Wu Liang-Jun Yan |
spellingShingle |
Zhen Jin Jinzi Wu Liang-Jun Yan Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target International Journal of Molecular Sciences chemical conditioning ischemic conditioning hypoxic conditioning mitochondria neuroprotection stroke injury |
author_facet |
Zhen Jin Jinzi Wu Liang-Jun Yan |
author_sort |
Zhen Jin |
title |
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target |
title_short |
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target |
title_full |
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target |
title_fullStr |
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target |
title_sort |
chemical conditioning as an approach to ischemic stroke tolerance: mitochondria as the target |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2016-03-01 |
description |
It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to achieve the conditioning effects, namely preconditioning (Pre-C) and postconditioning (Post-C). In this review, we focus on chemical conditioning of mitochondrial proteins as targets for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury. Mitochondrial targets covered include complexes I, II, IV, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP), adenine dinucleotide translocase (ANT) and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). While numerous mitochondrial proteins have not been evaluated in the context of chemical conditioning and ischemic stroke tolerance, the paradigms and approaches reviewed in this article should provide general guidelines on testing those mitochondrial components that have not been investigated. A deep understanding of mitochondria as the target of chemical conditioning for ischemic stroke tolerance should provide valuable insights into strategies for fighting ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death in the world. |
topic |
chemical conditioning ischemic conditioning hypoxic conditioning mitochondria neuroprotection stroke injury |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/3/351 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT zhenjin chemicalconditioningasanapproachtoischemicstroketolerancemitochondriaasthetarget AT jinziwu chemicalconditioningasanapproachtoischemicstroketolerancemitochondriaasthetarget AT liangjunyan chemicalconditioningasanapproachtoischemicstroketolerancemitochondriaasthetarget |
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1725168209143791616 |