SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines

The evolving nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has necessitated periodic revisions of COVID-19 patient treatment and discharge guidelines. Since the identification of the first COVID-19 cases in November 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has played a...

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Main Authors: Kingsley Badu, Kolapo Oyebola, Julien Z. B. Zahouli, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Dziedzom K. de Souza, Natisha Dukhi, Ebenezer F. Amankwaa, Mai F. Tolba, Augustina A. Sylverken, Lydia Mosi, Priscilla Kolibea Mante, Damaris Matoke-Muhia, Nowsheen Goonoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.648660/full
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author Kingsley Badu
Kingsley Badu
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Nowsheen Goonoo
Nowsheen Goonoo
spellingShingle Kingsley Badu
Kingsley Badu
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Nowsheen Goonoo
Nowsheen Goonoo
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
Frontiers in Medicine
COVID19
viral shedding
discharge recommendations
transmission dynamics
SARS-CoV-2
author_facet Kingsley Badu
Kingsley Badu
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Kolapo Oyebola
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Julien Z. B. Zahouli
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Dziedzom K. de Souza
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Natisha Dukhi
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Ebenezer F. Amankwaa
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Mai F. Tolba
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Augustina A. Sylverken
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Lydia Mosi
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Priscilla Kolibea Mante
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Damaris Matoke-Muhia
Nowsheen Goonoo
Nowsheen Goonoo
author_sort Kingsley Badu
title SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
title_short SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
title_full SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines
title_sort sars-cov-2 viral shedding and transmission dynamics: implications of who covid-19 discharge guidelines
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Medicine
issn 2296-858X
publishDate 2021-06-01
description The evolving nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has necessitated periodic revisions of COVID-19 patient treatment and discharge guidelines. Since the identification of the first COVID-19 cases in November 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has played a crucial role in tackling the country-level pandemic preparedness and patient management protocols. Among others, the WHO provided a guideline on the clinical management of COVID-19 patients according to which patients can be released from isolation centers on the 10th day following clinical symptom manifestation, with a minimum of 72 additional hours following the resolution of symptoms. However, emerging direct evidence indicating the possibility of viral shedding 14 days after the onset of symptoms called for evaluation of the current WHO discharge recommendations. In this review article, we carried out comprehensive literature analysis of viral shedding with specific focus on the duration of viral shedding and infectivity in asymptomatic and symptomatic (mild, moderate, and severe forms) COVID-19 patients. Our literature search indicates that even though, there are specific instances where the current protocols may not be applicable ( such as in immune-compromised patients there is no strong evidence to contradict the current WHO discharge criteria.
topic COVID19
viral shedding
discharge recommendations
transmission dynamics
SARS-CoV-2
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.648660/full
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spelling doaj-665a72e4e07f4f98975b468f050a4fa52021-06-22T14:19:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2021-06-01810.3389/fmed.2021.648660648660SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge GuidelinesKingsley Badu0Kingsley Badu1Kolapo Oyebola2Kolapo Oyebola3Kolapo Oyebola4Julien Z. B. Zahouli5Julien Z. B. Zahouli6Julien Z. B. Zahouli7Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe8Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe9Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe10Dziedzom K. de Souza11Dziedzom K. de Souza12Natisha Dukhi13Natisha Dukhi14Natisha Dukhi15Ebenezer F. Amankwaa16Ebenezer F. Amankwaa17Mai F. Tolba18Mai F. Tolba19Mai F. Tolba20Mai F. Tolba21Augustina A. Sylverken22Augustina A. Sylverken23Augustina A. Sylverken24Lydia Mosi25Lydia Mosi26Lydia Mosi27Priscilla Kolibea Mante28Priscilla Kolibea Mante29Damaris Matoke-Muhia30Damaris Matoke-Muhia31Nowsheen Goonoo32Nowsheen Goonoo33African Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaBiochemistry and Nutrition Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, NigeriaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'IvoireCentre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'IvoireAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NigeriaDivision of Population and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, St. Andrews University, St. Andrews, United KingdomAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaCollege of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaCollege of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana0Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South AfricaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya1Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt3The Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt4School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, EgyptAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana5Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya6West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Diseases, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana7Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya8Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya9Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaAfrican Academy of Sciences Affiliates, Nairobi, Kenya0Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Reduit, MauritiusThe evolving nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has necessitated periodic revisions of COVID-19 patient treatment and discharge guidelines. Since the identification of the first COVID-19 cases in November 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has played a crucial role in tackling the country-level pandemic preparedness and patient management protocols. Among others, the WHO provided a guideline on the clinical management of COVID-19 patients according to which patients can be released from isolation centers on the 10th day following clinical symptom manifestation, with a minimum of 72 additional hours following the resolution of symptoms. However, emerging direct evidence indicating the possibility of viral shedding 14 days after the onset of symptoms called for evaluation of the current WHO discharge recommendations. In this review article, we carried out comprehensive literature analysis of viral shedding with specific focus on the duration of viral shedding and infectivity in asymptomatic and symptomatic (mild, moderate, and severe forms) COVID-19 patients. Our literature search indicates that even though, there are specific instances where the current protocols may not be applicable ( such as in immune-compromised patients there is no strong evidence to contradict the current WHO discharge criteria.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.648660/fullCOVID19viral sheddingdischarge recommendationstransmission dynamicsSARS-CoV-2