Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017
<p>We present the first high-resolution measurements of pollutant trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the StratoClim (Stratospheric and upper troposph...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-12-01
|
Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14695/2020/acp-20-14695-2020.pdf |
id |
doaj-6670fa1febfb4a59af18d1951b62e8f1 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
S. Johansson M. Höpfner O. Kirner I. Wohltmann S. Bucci B. Legras F. Friedl-Vallon N. Glatthor E. Kretschmer J. Ungermann G. Wetzel |
spellingShingle |
S. Johansson M. Höpfner O. Kirner I. Wohltmann S. Bucci B. Legras F. Friedl-Vallon N. Glatthor E. Kretschmer J. Ungermann G. Wetzel Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
S. Johansson M. Höpfner O. Kirner I. Wohltmann S. Bucci B. Legras F. Friedl-Vallon N. Glatthor E. Kretschmer J. Ungermann G. Wetzel |
author_sort |
S. Johansson |
title |
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 |
title_short |
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 |
title_full |
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 |
title_fullStr |
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017 |
title_sort |
pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the stratoclim campaign 2017 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
<p>We present the first high-resolution measurements of pollutant trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the StratoClim (Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions) campaign based in Kathmandu, Nepal, 2017. Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), acetylene (C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and formic acid (HCOOH) show strong local enhancements up to altitudes of 16 km. More than 500 pptv of PAN, more than 200 pptv of C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, and more than 200 pptv of HCOOH are observed. Air masses with increased volume mixing ratios of PAN and C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> at altitudes up to 18 km, reaching to the lowermost stratosphere, were present at these altitudes for more than 10 d, as indicated by trajectory analysis. A local minimum of HCOOH is correlated with a previously reported maximum of ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>), which suggests different washout efficiencies of these species in the same air masses.
A backward trajectory analysis based on the models Alfred Wegener InsTitute LAgrangian Chemistry/Transport System (ATLAS) and TRACZILLA, using advanced techniques for detection of convective events, and starting at geolocations of GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollution trace gas concentrations, has been performed. The analysis shows that convective events along trajectories leading to GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollutants are located close to regions where satellite measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) indicate enhanced tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) in the days prior to the observation.
A comparison to the global atmospheric models Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) has been performed. It is shown that these models are able to reproduce large-scale structures of the pollution trace gas distributions for one part of the flight, while the other part of the flight reveals large discrepancies between models and measurement. These discrepancies possibly result from convective events that are not resolved or parameterized in the models, uncertainties in the emissions of source gases, and uncertainties in the rate constants of chemical reactions.</p> |
url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14695/2020/acp-20-14695-2020.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sjohansson pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT mhopfner pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT okirner pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT iwohltmann pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT sbucci pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT blegras pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT ffriedlvallon pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT nglatthor pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT ekretschmer pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT jungermann pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 AT gwetzel pollutiontracegasdistributionsandtheirtransportintheasianmonsoonuppertroposphereandlowermoststratosphereduringthestratoclimcampaign2017 |
_version_ |
1724397833391439872 |
spelling |
doaj-6670fa1febfb4a59af18d1951b62e8f12020-12-07T08:02:14ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-12-0120146951471510.5194/acp-20-14695-2020Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017S. Johansson0M. Höpfner1O. Kirner2I. Wohltmann3S. Bucci4B. Legras5F. Friedl-Vallon6N. Glatthor7E. Kretschmer8J. Ungermann9G. Wetzel10Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySteinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, GermanyLaboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, UMR8539, IPSL, CNRS/PSL-ENS/Sorbonne Université/École polytechnique, Paris, FranceLaboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, UMR8539, IPSL, CNRS/PSL-ENS/Sorbonne Université/École polytechnique, Paris, FranceInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Energy and Climate Research – Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany<p>We present the first high-resolution measurements of pollutant trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the StratoClim (Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions) campaign based in Kathmandu, Nepal, 2017. Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), acetylene (C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and formic acid (HCOOH) show strong local enhancements up to altitudes of 16 km. More than 500 pptv of PAN, more than 200 pptv of C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, and more than 200 pptv of HCOOH are observed. Air masses with increased volume mixing ratios of PAN and C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> at altitudes up to 18 km, reaching to the lowermost stratosphere, were present at these altitudes for more than 10 d, as indicated by trajectory analysis. A local minimum of HCOOH is correlated with a previously reported maximum of ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>), which suggests different washout efficiencies of these species in the same air masses. A backward trajectory analysis based on the models Alfred Wegener InsTitute LAgrangian Chemistry/Transport System (ATLAS) and TRACZILLA, using advanced techniques for detection of convective events, and starting at geolocations of GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollution trace gas concentrations, has been performed. The analysis shows that convective events along trajectories leading to GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollutants are located close to regions where satellite measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) indicate enhanced tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) in the days prior to the observation. A comparison to the global atmospheric models Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) has been performed. It is shown that these models are able to reproduce large-scale structures of the pollution trace gas distributions for one part of the flight, while the other part of the flight reveals large discrepancies between models and measurement. These discrepancies possibly result from convective events that are not resolved or parameterized in the models, uncertainties in the emissions of source gases, and uncertainties in the rate constants of chemical reactions.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14695/2020/acp-20-14695-2020.pdf |