Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants.
<h4>Introduction</h4>The prevalence of HIV infection in South African pregnant women has been approximately 30% over the past decade; however, there has been a steady decline in mother-to-child transmission of HIV from 8% in 2008 to <2% in 2015. We evaluated the immunogenicity of live...
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doaj-668487caa9254378821356687802a0382021-03-04T10:32:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032019-01-01144e021507910.1371/journal.pone.0215079Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants.Shelina MoonsamyMelinda SuchardShabir A Madhi<h4>Introduction</h4>The prevalence of HIV infection in South African pregnant women has been approximately 30% over the past decade; however, there has been a steady decline in mother-to-child transmission of HIV from 8% in 2008 to <2% in 2015. We evaluated the immunogenicity of live-attenuated trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) following the primary vaccination series (doses at birth, 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age) in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), HIV-infected infants initiated on early anti-retroviral treatment (HIV+/ART+), HIV-infected infants on deferred ART (HIV+/ART-) and HIV-unexposed infants (HU) as the referent group.<h4>Methods</h4>Serum polio neutralization antibody titres were evaluated to serotype-1, serotype-2 and serotype-3 at 6, 10 and 18 weeks of age. Antibody titres ≥8 were considered seropositive and sero-protective.<h4>Results</h4>At 18 weeks of age, following the complete primary series of four OPV doses, no differences in GMTs, percentage of infants with sero-protective titres and median fold change in antibody titre (18 weeks vs 6 weeks) were observed in HEU infants (n = 114) and HIV+/ART+ infants (n = 162) compared to HU infants (n = 104) for the three polio serotypes. However, comparing HIV+/ART- infants (n = 70) to HU infants at 18 weeks of age, we observed significantly lower GMTs for serotype-1 (p = 0.022), serotype-2 (p<0.001) and serotype-3 (p<0.001), significantly lower percentages of infants with sero-protective titres for the three serotypes (p<0.001), and significantly lower median fold change in antibody titre for serotype-1 (p = 0.048), serotype-2 (p = 0.003) and serotype-3 (p = 0.008).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Delaying initiation of ART in HIV-infected infants was associated with an attenuated immune response to OPV following a four-dose primary series of vaccines, whereas immune responses to OPV in HIV-infected children initiated on ART early in infancy and HEU children were similar to HU infants.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215079 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shelina Moonsamy Melinda Suchard Shabir A Madhi |
spellingShingle |
Shelina Moonsamy Melinda Suchard Shabir A Madhi Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Shelina Moonsamy Melinda Suchard Shabir A Madhi |
author_sort |
Shelina Moonsamy |
title |
Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
title_short |
Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
title_full |
Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
title_fullStr |
Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of HIV-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
title_sort |
effect of hiv-exposure and timing of anti-retroviral treatment on immunogenicity of trivalent live-attenuated polio vaccine in infants. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
<h4>Introduction</h4>The prevalence of HIV infection in South African pregnant women has been approximately 30% over the past decade; however, there has been a steady decline in mother-to-child transmission of HIV from 8% in 2008 to <2% in 2015. We evaluated the immunogenicity of live-attenuated trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) following the primary vaccination series (doses at birth, 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age) in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), HIV-infected infants initiated on early anti-retroviral treatment (HIV+/ART+), HIV-infected infants on deferred ART (HIV+/ART-) and HIV-unexposed infants (HU) as the referent group.<h4>Methods</h4>Serum polio neutralization antibody titres were evaluated to serotype-1, serotype-2 and serotype-3 at 6, 10 and 18 weeks of age. Antibody titres ≥8 were considered seropositive and sero-protective.<h4>Results</h4>At 18 weeks of age, following the complete primary series of four OPV doses, no differences in GMTs, percentage of infants with sero-protective titres and median fold change in antibody titre (18 weeks vs 6 weeks) were observed in HEU infants (n = 114) and HIV+/ART+ infants (n = 162) compared to HU infants (n = 104) for the three polio serotypes. However, comparing HIV+/ART- infants (n = 70) to HU infants at 18 weeks of age, we observed significantly lower GMTs for serotype-1 (p = 0.022), serotype-2 (p<0.001) and serotype-3 (p<0.001), significantly lower percentages of infants with sero-protective titres for the three serotypes (p<0.001), and significantly lower median fold change in antibody titre for serotype-1 (p = 0.048), serotype-2 (p = 0.003) and serotype-3 (p = 0.008).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Delaying initiation of ART in HIV-infected infants was associated with an attenuated immune response to OPV following a four-dose primary series of vaccines, whereas immune responses to OPV in HIV-infected children initiated on ART early in infancy and HEU children were similar to HU infants. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215079 |
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