Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatment is a known risk factor of cancer-associated thrombosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a mainstay of treatment in various cancers. Both venous a...
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doaj-66c3fe01f4f04e659e933977a7f982702021-09-25T23:49:34ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-09-01134606460610.3390/cancers13184606Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsTzu-Fei Wang0Alok A. Khorana1Marc Carrier2Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, CanadaTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, CanadaThromboembolism is a common complication in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatment is a known risk factor of cancer-associated thrombosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a mainstay of treatment in various cancers. Both venous and arterial thrombosis have been increasingly reported as adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent studies, with a cumulative incidence of venous thrombosis to be 5–8% at 6 months and over 10% at 12 months. Additionally, rates of approximately 1–5% for arterial thrombosis were reported at 12 months. Data also showed an association of thromboembolism with adverse survival. Many pertinent clinical questions in this population deserve further investigation, including the risks of thrombosis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as compared to those with traditional systemic therapy, associated risk factors, and the optimal prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we synthesize data from available literature, provide relevant information for clinicians and potential future directions for research.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/18/4606venous thromboembolismarterial thrombosiscancer-associated thrombosisimmune checkpoint inhibitorsanticoagulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tzu-Fei Wang Alok A. Khorana Marc Carrier |
spellingShingle |
Tzu-Fei Wang Alok A. Khorana Marc Carrier Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Cancers venous thromboembolism arterial thrombosis cancer-associated thrombosis immune checkpoint inhibitors anticoagulation |
author_facet |
Tzu-Fei Wang Alok A. Khorana Marc Carrier |
author_sort |
Tzu-Fei Wang |
title |
Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_short |
Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_full |
Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_fullStr |
Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thrombotic Complications Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_sort |
thrombotic complications associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatment is a known risk factor of cancer-associated thrombosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a mainstay of treatment in various cancers. Both venous and arterial thrombosis have been increasingly reported as adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent studies, with a cumulative incidence of venous thrombosis to be 5–8% at 6 months and over 10% at 12 months. Additionally, rates of approximately 1–5% for arterial thrombosis were reported at 12 months. Data also showed an association of thromboembolism with adverse survival. Many pertinent clinical questions in this population deserve further investigation, including the risks of thrombosis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as compared to those with traditional systemic therapy, associated risk factors, and the optimal prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we synthesize data from available literature, provide relevant information for clinicians and potential future directions for research. |
topic |
venous thromboembolism arterial thrombosis cancer-associated thrombosis immune checkpoint inhibitors anticoagulation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/18/4606 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tzufeiwang thromboticcomplicationsassociatedwithimmunecheckpointinhibitors AT alokakhorana thromboticcomplicationsassociatedwithimmunecheckpointinhibitors AT marccarrier thromboticcomplicationsassociatedwithimmunecheckpointinhibitors |
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1717367846436077568 |