Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study
Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomaly. The causes of CHDs are largely unknown. Higher prenatal body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of CHDs. Whether these are causal is unclear. Methods and Results Sev...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2021-06-01
|
Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.020051 |