The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive am...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4687 |
id |
doaj-66f3d1c0f8cd460cb7be6422cc2aa4ee |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-66f3d1c0f8cd460cb7be6422cc2aa4ee2020-11-25T02:42:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-09-012019468710.3390/ijms20194687ijms20194687The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic ApplicationsFrancesco Ingenito0Giuseppina Roscigno1Alessandra Affinito2Silvia Nuzzo3Iolanda Scognamiglio4Cristina Quintavalle5Gerolama Condorelli6Percuros BV, Albinusdreef 2 - 2333ZA Leiden, Percuros BV, Zernikedreef 8. 2333 CL Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyPercuros BV, Albinusdreef 2 - 2333ZA Leiden, Percuros BV, Zernikedreef 8. 2333 CL Leiden, The NetherlandsIRCCS SDN, IT-80143 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyPercuros BV, Albinusdreef 2 - 2333ZA Leiden, Percuros BV, Zernikedreef 8. 2333 CL Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyExosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive amounts of exosomes that, through their cargo, promote tumor progression, stimulating growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, insensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence highlights exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) as important players in tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA able to regulate gene expression, targeting multiple mRNAs and inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Exo-miRNAs are highly stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, and for these reasons, miRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers useful diagnostically and prognostically. Furthermore, since exosomes are natural delivery systems between cells, they can be appropriately modified to carry therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4687exosomemicroRNAtumor microenvironmentcancer therapycancer diagnosisbrain tumors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francesco Ingenito Giuseppina Roscigno Alessandra Affinito Silvia Nuzzo Iolanda Scognamiglio Cristina Quintavalle Gerolama Condorelli |
spellingShingle |
Francesco Ingenito Giuseppina Roscigno Alessandra Affinito Silvia Nuzzo Iolanda Scognamiglio Cristina Quintavalle Gerolama Condorelli The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences exosome microRNA tumor microenvironment cancer therapy cancer diagnosis brain tumors |
author_facet |
Francesco Ingenito Giuseppina Roscigno Alessandra Affinito Silvia Nuzzo Iolanda Scognamiglio Cristina Quintavalle Gerolama Condorelli |
author_sort |
Francesco Ingenito |
title |
The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
title_short |
The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
title_full |
The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
title_sort |
role of exo-mirnas in cancer: a focus on therapeutic and diagnostic applications |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive amounts of exosomes that, through their cargo, promote tumor progression, stimulating growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, insensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence highlights exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) as important players in tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA able to regulate gene expression, targeting multiple mRNAs and inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Exo-miRNAs are highly stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, and for these reasons, miRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers useful diagnostically and prognostically. Furthermore, since exosomes are natural delivery systems between cells, they can be appropriately modified to carry therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. |
topic |
exosome microRNA tumor microenvironment cancer therapy cancer diagnosis brain tumors |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4687 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT francescoingenito theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT giuseppinaroscigno theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT alessandraaffinito theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT silvianuzzo theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT iolandascognamiglio theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT cristinaquintavalle theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT gerolamacondorelli theroleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT francescoingenito roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT giuseppinaroscigno roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT alessandraaffinito roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT silvianuzzo roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT iolandascognamiglio roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT cristinaquintavalle roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications AT gerolamacondorelli roleofexomirnasincancerafocusontherapeuticanddiagnosticapplications |
_version_ |
1724774885612322816 |