The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus.
The northeast (NE) region of Brazil commonly goes through drought periods, which favor cyanobacterial blooms, capable of producing neurotoxins with implications for human and animal health. The most severe dry spell in the history of Brazil occurred between 2012 and 2016. Coincidently, the highest i...
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doaj-671c2d8af90a4871aa348403fa2bee712021-03-03T07:55:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352020-03-01143e000806010.1371/journal.pntd.0008060The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus.Carolina da S G PedrosaLeticia R Q SouzaTiago A GomesCaroline V F de LimaPitia F LedurKarina KarmirianJimena Barbeito-AndresMarcelo do N CostaLuiza M HigaÁtila D RossiMaria BellioAmilcar TanuriArnaldo Prata-BarbosaFernanda Tovar-MollPatricia P GarcezFlavio A LaraRenato J R MolicaStevens K RehenThe northeast (NE) region of Brazil commonly goes through drought periods, which favor cyanobacterial blooms, capable of producing neurotoxins with implications for human and animal health. The most severe dry spell in the history of Brazil occurred between 2012 and 2016. Coincidently, the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak took place in the NE region of Brazil during the same years. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that saxitoxin (STX), a neurotoxin produced in South America by the freshwater cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, could have contributed to the most severe Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) profile described worldwide. Quality surveillance showed higher cyanobacteria amounts and STX occurrence in human drinking water supplies of NE compared to other regions of Brazil. Experimentally, we described that STX doubled the quantity of ZIKV-induced neural cell death in progenitor areas of human brain organoids, while the chronic ingestion of water contaminated with STX before and during gestation caused brain abnormalities in offspring of ZIKV-infected immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. Our data indicate that saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria is overspread in water reservoirs of the NE and might have acted as a co-insult to ZIKV infection in Brazil. These results raise a public health concern regarding the consequences of arbovirus outbreaks happening in areas with droughts and/or frequent freshwater cyanobacterial blooms.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008060 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carolina da S G Pedrosa Leticia R Q Souza Tiago A Gomes Caroline V F de Lima Pitia F Ledur Karina Karmirian Jimena Barbeito-Andres Marcelo do N Costa Luiza M Higa Átila D Rossi Maria Bellio Amilcar Tanuri Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Fernanda Tovar-Moll Patricia P Garcez Flavio A Lara Renato J R Molica Stevens K Rehen |
spellingShingle |
Carolina da S G Pedrosa Leticia R Q Souza Tiago A Gomes Caroline V F de Lima Pitia F Ledur Karina Karmirian Jimena Barbeito-Andres Marcelo do N Costa Luiza M Higa Átila D Rossi Maria Bellio Amilcar Tanuri Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Fernanda Tovar-Moll Patricia P Garcez Flavio A Lara Renato J R Molica Stevens K Rehen The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
author_facet |
Carolina da S G Pedrosa Leticia R Q Souza Tiago A Gomes Caroline V F de Lima Pitia F Ledur Karina Karmirian Jimena Barbeito-Andres Marcelo do N Costa Luiza M Higa Átila D Rossi Maria Bellio Amilcar Tanuri Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Fernanda Tovar-Moll Patricia P Garcez Flavio A Lara Renato J R Molica Stevens K Rehen |
author_sort |
Carolina da S G Pedrosa |
title |
The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. |
title_short |
The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. |
title_full |
The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. |
title_fullStr |
The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. |
title_sort |
cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by zika virus. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
issn |
1935-2727 1935-2735 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
The northeast (NE) region of Brazil commonly goes through drought periods, which favor cyanobacterial blooms, capable of producing neurotoxins with implications for human and animal health. The most severe dry spell in the history of Brazil occurred between 2012 and 2016. Coincidently, the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak took place in the NE region of Brazil during the same years. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that saxitoxin (STX), a neurotoxin produced in South America by the freshwater cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, could have contributed to the most severe Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) profile described worldwide. Quality surveillance showed higher cyanobacteria amounts and STX occurrence in human drinking water supplies of NE compared to other regions of Brazil. Experimentally, we described that STX doubled the quantity of ZIKV-induced neural cell death in progenitor areas of human brain organoids, while the chronic ingestion of water contaminated with STX before and during gestation caused brain abnormalities in offspring of ZIKV-infected immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. Our data indicate that saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria is overspread in water reservoirs of the NE and might have acted as a co-insult to ZIKV infection in Brazil. These results raise a public health concern regarding the consequences of arbovirus outbreaks happening in areas with droughts and/or frequent freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008060 |
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