Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm
Abstract Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. Non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that act as fungal virulent factors during pathogenesis...
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2021-08-01
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doaj-6749b555e6a84ffda590e7092c8f31202021-08-15T11:28:54ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-08-0111111610.1038/s41598-021-95549-8Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palmNeda Shokrollahi0Chai-Ling Ho1Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin2Mohd As’wad Bin Abul Wahab3Mui-Yun Wong4Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaAbstract Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. Non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that act as fungal virulent factors during pathogenesis in the host. In this study, we aimed to isolate NRPS gene of G. boninense strain UPMGB001 and investigate the role of this gene during G. boninense-oil palm interaction. The isolated NRPS DNA fragment of 8322 bp was used to predict the putative peptide sequence of different domains and showed similarity with G. sinense (85%) at conserved motifs of three main NRPS domains. Phylogenetic analysis of NRPS peptide sequences demonstrated that NRPS of G. boninense belongs to the type VI siderophore family. The roots of 6-month-old oil palm seedlings were artificially inoculated for studying NRPS gene expression and disease severity in the greenhouse. The correlation between high disease severity (50%) and high expression (67-fold) of G. boninense NRPS gene at 4 months after inoculation and above indicated that this gene played a significant role in the advancement of BSR disease. Overall, these findings increase our knowledge on the gene structure of NRPS in G. boninense and its involvement in BSR pathogenesis as an effector gene.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95549-8 |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Neda Shokrollahi Chai-Ling Ho Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Mohd As’wad Bin Abul Wahab Mui-Yun Wong |
spellingShingle |
Neda Shokrollahi Chai-Ling Ho Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Mohd As’wad Bin Abul Wahab Mui-Yun Wong Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Neda Shokrollahi Chai-Ling Ho Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Mohd As’wad Bin Abul Wahab Mui-Yun Wong |
author_sort |
Neda Shokrollahi |
title |
Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
title_short |
Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
title_full |
Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
title_fullStr |
Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in Ganoderma boninense Pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
title_sort |
identification of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in ganoderma boninense pat. that was expressed during the interaction with oil palm |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. Non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that act as fungal virulent factors during pathogenesis in the host. In this study, we aimed to isolate NRPS gene of G. boninense strain UPMGB001 and investigate the role of this gene during G. boninense-oil palm interaction. The isolated NRPS DNA fragment of 8322 bp was used to predict the putative peptide sequence of different domains and showed similarity with G. sinense (85%) at conserved motifs of three main NRPS domains. Phylogenetic analysis of NRPS peptide sequences demonstrated that NRPS of G. boninense belongs to the type VI siderophore family. The roots of 6-month-old oil palm seedlings were artificially inoculated for studying NRPS gene expression and disease severity in the greenhouse. The correlation between high disease severity (50%) and high expression (67-fold) of G. boninense NRPS gene at 4 months after inoculation and above indicated that this gene played a significant role in the advancement of BSR disease. Overall, these findings increase our knowledge on the gene structure of NRPS in G. boninense and its involvement in BSR pathogenesis as an effector gene. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95549-8 |
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