Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments
The effects of aging exposures to three non-saline aqueous environments on the compressive mechanical properties of a calcium carbonate-filled bisphenolic epoxy adhesive, cold-cured with the addition of two curing agents suitable for the cure at ambient temperature (i.e., Mannich base and triethylen...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
Series: | Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/6/1324 |
id |
doaj-676f2ecb838b480d80a48f484b71402c |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-676f2ecb838b480d80a48f484b71402c2021-03-11T00:01:16ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-03-01141324132410.3390/ma14061324Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous EnvironmentsAnna Rudawska0Mariaenrica Frigione1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36 St., 20-618 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, ItalyThe effects of aging exposures to three non-saline aqueous environments on the compressive mechanical properties of a calcium carbonate-filled bisphenolic epoxy adhesive, cold-cured with the addition of two curing agents suitable for the cure at ambient temperature (i.e., Mannich base and triethylenetetramine), were assessed. The amount of the added filler (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) varied from 1 to 3 g per 100 g of resin; the immersion times in each of the selected medium varied from 1 to 10 months. It was found that the mechanical properties measured in compression mode on cylindrical specimens of unfilled and CaCO<sub>3</sub>-loaded epoxy were scarcely influenced by the kind of curing agent employed; only the compressive modulus was limitedly affected by this parameter. Referring to the behavior when aged in water, the CaCO<sub>3</sub>-filled epoxies displayed noticeable growths in modulus, small reductions in strength, and limited variations in strain, with a certain influence of the exposure time, especially when comparing the properties at the lowest time with those at medium–long times. On the basis of the results of statistical MANOVA analysis, it can be concluded that among the compositional factors (i.e., the type of curing agent employed to cure the epoxy compounds and the micro-filler content), only the amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub> filler significantly affects the compressive modulus.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/6/1324aqueous environmentcalcium carbonatedurabilityepoxy resinmechanical propertiescompressive modulus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anna Rudawska Mariaenrica Frigione |
spellingShingle |
Anna Rudawska Mariaenrica Frigione Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments Materials aqueous environment calcium carbonate durability epoxy resin mechanical properties compressive modulus |
author_facet |
Anna Rudawska Mariaenrica Frigione |
author_sort |
Anna Rudawska |
title |
Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments |
title_short |
Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments |
title_full |
Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments |
title_fullStr |
Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cold-Cured Bisphenolic Epoxy Adhesive Filled with Low Amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub>: Effect of the Filler on the Durability to Aqueous Environments |
title_sort |
cold-cured bisphenolic epoxy adhesive filled with low amounts of caco<sub>3</sub>: effect of the filler on the durability to aqueous environments |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
The effects of aging exposures to three non-saline aqueous environments on the compressive mechanical properties of a calcium carbonate-filled bisphenolic epoxy adhesive, cold-cured with the addition of two curing agents suitable for the cure at ambient temperature (i.e., Mannich base and triethylenetetramine), were assessed. The amount of the added filler (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) varied from 1 to 3 g per 100 g of resin; the immersion times in each of the selected medium varied from 1 to 10 months. It was found that the mechanical properties measured in compression mode on cylindrical specimens of unfilled and CaCO<sub>3</sub>-loaded epoxy were scarcely influenced by the kind of curing agent employed; only the compressive modulus was limitedly affected by this parameter. Referring to the behavior when aged in water, the CaCO<sub>3</sub>-filled epoxies displayed noticeable growths in modulus, small reductions in strength, and limited variations in strain, with a certain influence of the exposure time, especially when comparing the properties at the lowest time with those at medium–long times. On the basis of the results of statistical MANOVA analysis, it can be concluded that among the compositional factors (i.e., the type of curing agent employed to cure the epoxy compounds and the micro-filler content), only the amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub> filler significantly affects the compressive modulus. |
topic |
aqueous environment calcium carbonate durability epoxy resin mechanical properties compressive modulus |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/6/1324 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT annarudawska coldcuredbisphenolicepoxyadhesivefilledwithlowamountsofcacosub3subeffectofthefilleronthedurabilitytoaqueousenvironments AT mariaenricafrigione coldcuredbisphenolicepoxyadhesivefilledwithlowamountsofcacosub3subeffectofthefilleronthedurabilitytoaqueousenvironments |
_version_ |
1724226340962435072 |