Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses
Many microbial ecology studies have demonstrated profound changes in community composition caused by environmental pollution, as well as adaptation processes allowing survival of microbes in polluted ecosystems. Soil microbial communities in polluted areas with a long-term history of contamination h...
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doaj-67835095b4b147eea0dc2ca3eb4042172020-11-25T00:43:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672016-06-0117693310.3390/ijms17060933ijms17060933Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” ResponsesHamed Azarbad0Cornelis A. M. van Gestel1Maria Niklińska2Ryszard Laskowski3Wilfred F. M. Röling4Nico M. van Straalen5Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, CanadaDepartment of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsInstitute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMany microbial ecology studies have demonstrated profound changes in community composition caused by environmental pollution, as well as adaptation processes allowing survival of microbes in polluted ecosystems. Soil microbial communities in polluted areas with a long-term history of contamination have been shown to maintain their function by developing metal-tolerance mechanisms. In the present work, we review recent experiments, with specific emphasis on studies that have been conducted in polluted areas with a long-term history of contamination that also applied DNA-based approaches. We evaluate how the “costs” of adaptation to metals affect the responses of metal-tolerant communities to other stress factors (“stress-on-stress”). We discuss recent studies on the stability of microbial communities, in terms of resistance and resilience to additional stressors, focusing on metal pollution as the initial stress, and discuss possible factors influencing the functional and structural stability of microbial communities towards secondary stressors. There is increasing evidence that the history of environmental conditions and disturbance regimes play central roles in responses of microbial communities towards secondary stressors.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/6/933resiliencemetal pollutionmicrobial communitiessecondary stressorsresistancemicrobial stability |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hamed Azarbad Cornelis A. M. van Gestel Maria Niklińska Ryszard Laskowski Wilfred F. M. Röling Nico M. van Straalen |
spellingShingle |
Hamed Azarbad Cornelis A. M. van Gestel Maria Niklińska Ryszard Laskowski Wilfred F. M. Röling Nico M. van Straalen Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses International Journal of Molecular Sciences resilience metal pollution microbial communities secondary stressors resistance microbial stability |
author_facet |
Hamed Azarbad Cornelis A. M. van Gestel Maria Niklińska Ryszard Laskowski Wilfred F. M. Röling Nico M. van Straalen |
author_sort |
Hamed Azarbad |
title |
Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses |
title_short |
Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses |
title_full |
Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses |
title_fullStr |
Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resilience of Soil Microbial Communities to Metals and Additional Stressors: DNA-Based Approaches for Assessing “Stress-on-Stress” Responses |
title_sort |
resilience of soil microbial communities to metals and additional stressors: dna-based approaches for assessing “stress-on-stress” responses |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2016-06-01 |
description |
Many microbial ecology studies have demonstrated profound changes in community composition caused by environmental pollution, as well as adaptation processes allowing survival of microbes in polluted ecosystems. Soil microbial communities in polluted areas with a long-term history of contamination have been shown to maintain their function by developing metal-tolerance mechanisms. In the present work, we review recent experiments, with specific emphasis on studies that have been conducted in polluted areas with a long-term history of contamination that also applied DNA-based approaches. We evaluate how the “costs” of adaptation to metals affect the responses of metal-tolerant communities to other stress factors (“stress-on-stress”). We discuss recent studies on the stability of microbial communities, in terms of resistance and resilience to additional stressors, focusing on metal pollution as the initial stress, and discuss possible factors influencing the functional and structural stability of microbial communities towards secondary stressors. There is increasing evidence that the history of environmental conditions and disturbance regimes play central roles in responses of microbial communities towards secondary stressors. |
topic |
resilience metal pollution microbial communities secondary stressors resistance microbial stability |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/6/933 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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