Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options
Derek J Sloan, Victoria Parris Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human i...
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doaj-6799a2d87b604ce5b7701576029512e02020-11-24T22:57:40ZengDove Medical PressClinical Epidemiology1179-13492014-05-012014default16918216814Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic optionsSloan DJParris V Derek J Sloan, Victoria Parris Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and some immunocompetent hosts are also at risk. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis consists of three phases: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Effective induction therapy requires potent fungicidal drugs (amphotericin B and flucytosine), which are often unavailable in low-resource, high-endemicity settings. As a consequence, mortality is unacceptably high. Wider access to effective treatment is urgently required to improve outcomes. For human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, judicious management of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and appropriately timed introduction of antiretroviral therapy are important. Keywords: cryptococcosis, HIV, immunosuppression, antifungal therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, antiretroviral therapyhttp://www.dovepress.com/cryptococcal-meningitis-epidemiology-and-therapeutic-options-a16814 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sloan DJ Parris V |
spellingShingle |
Sloan DJ Parris V Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options Clinical Epidemiology |
author_facet |
Sloan DJ Parris V |
author_sort |
Sloan DJ |
title |
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
title_short |
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
title_full |
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
title_fullStr |
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
title_sort |
cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options |
publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
series |
Clinical Epidemiology |
issn |
1179-1349 |
publishDate |
2014-05-01 |
description |
Derek J Sloan, Victoria Parris Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and some immunocompetent hosts are also at risk. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis consists of three phases: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Effective induction therapy requires potent fungicidal drugs (amphotericin B and flucytosine), which are often unavailable in low-resource, high-endemicity settings. As a consequence, mortality is unacceptably high. Wider access to effective treatment is urgently required to improve outcomes. For human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, judicious management of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and appropriately timed introduction of antiretroviral therapy are important. Keywords: cryptococcosis, HIV, immunosuppression, antifungal therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, antiretroviral therapy |
url |
http://www.dovepress.com/cryptococcal-meningitis-epidemiology-and-therapeutic-options-a16814 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sloandj cryptococcalmeningitisepidemiologyandtherapeuticoptions AT parrisv cryptococcalmeningitisepidemiologyandtherapeuticoptions |
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