Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study
Abstract Background Information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized Covid-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited in the Arab region. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, medical records of hospitalized ad...
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doaj-67e3ffe74e04494894e10eef8fccb5302020-12-06T12:29:21ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402020-12-0119111210.1186/s12933-020-01184-4Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective studyAbdullah M. Alguwaihes0Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani1Maram Megdad2Sakhar S. Albader3Mohammad H. Alsari4Ali Alelayan5Saad H. Alzahrani6Shaun Sabico7Nasser M. Al-Daghri8Anwar A. Jammah9Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityGeneral Directorate of Health Affairs in Eastern ProvinceKing Saud University Medical CityKing Saud University Medical CityKing Saud University Medical CityObesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical CityChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityAbstract Background Information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized Covid-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited in the Arab region. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, medical records of hospitalized adults with confirmed Covid-19 [RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV2] at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC)-King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May to July 2020 were analyzed. Clinical, radiological and serological information, as well as outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 439 patients were included (median age 55 years; 68.3% men). The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (74.7%), DM (68.3%), hypertension (42.6%) and obesity (42.2%). During hospitalization, 77 out of the 439 patients (17.5%) died. DM patients have a significantly higher death rate (20.5% versus 12.3%; p = 0.04) and lower survival time (p = 0.016) than non-DM. Multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that age [Hazards ratio, HR 3.0 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.7–5.3); p < 0.001], congestive heart failure [adjusted HR 3.5 (CI 1.4–8.3); p = 0.006], smoking [adjusted HR 5.8 (CI 2.0–17.2); p < 0.001], β-blocker use [adjusted HR 1.7 (CI 1.0–2.9); p = 0.04], bilateral lung infiltrates [adjusted HR 1.9 (CI 1.1–3.3); p = 0.02], creatinine > 90 µmol/l [adjusted HR 2.1 (CI 1.3–3.5); p = 0.004] and 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol/l [adjusted HR 7.0 (CI 1.7–28.2); p = 0.007] were significant predictors of mortality among hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Random blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l was significantly associated with intensive care admission [adjusted HR 1.5 (CI 1.0–2.2); p = 0.04], as well as smoking, β-blocker use, neutrophil > 7.5, creatinine > 90 µmol/l and alanine aminotransferase > 65U/l. Conclusion The prevalence of DM is high among hospitalized Covid-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. While DM patients have a higher mortality rate than their non-DM counterparts, other factors such as old age, congestive heart failure, smoking, β-blocker use, presence of bilateral lung infiltrates, elevated creatinine and severe vitamin D deficiency, appear to be more significant predictors of fatal outcome. Patients with acute metabolic dysfunctions, including hyperglycemia on admission are more likely to receive intensive care.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01184-4Diabetes mellitusCovid-19MortalitySaudi Arabia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Abdullah M. Alguwaihes Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani Maram Megdad Sakhar S. Albader Mohammad H. Alsari Ali Alelayan Saad H. Alzahrani Shaun Sabico Nasser M. Al-Daghri Anwar A. Jammah |
spellingShingle |
Abdullah M. Alguwaihes Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani Maram Megdad Sakhar S. Albader Mohammad H. Alsari Ali Alelayan Saad H. Alzahrani Shaun Sabico Nasser M. Al-Daghri Anwar A. Jammah Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study Cardiovascular Diabetology Diabetes mellitus Covid-19 Mortality Saudi Arabia |
author_facet |
Abdullah M. Alguwaihes Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani Maram Megdad Sakhar S. Albader Mohammad H. Alsari Ali Alelayan Saad H. Alzahrani Shaun Sabico Nasser M. Al-Daghri Anwar A. Jammah |
author_sort |
Abdullah M. Alguwaihes |
title |
Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
title_short |
Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
title_full |
Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
title_fullStr |
Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
title_sort |
diabetes and covid-19 among hospitalized patients in saudi arabia: a single-centre retrospective study |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Cardiovascular Diabetology |
issn |
1475-2840 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized Covid-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited in the Arab region. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, medical records of hospitalized adults with confirmed Covid-19 [RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV2] at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC)-King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May to July 2020 were analyzed. Clinical, radiological and serological information, as well as outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 439 patients were included (median age 55 years; 68.3% men). The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (74.7%), DM (68.3%), hypertension (42.6%) and obesity (42.2%). During hospitalization, 77 out of the 439 patients (17.5%) died. DM patients have a significantly higher death rate (20.5% versus 12.3%; p = 0.04) and lower survival time (p = 0.016) than non-DM. Multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that age [Hazards ratio, HR 3.0 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.7–5.3); p < 0.001], congestive heart failure [adjusted HR 3.5 (CI 1.4–8.3); p = 0.006], smoking [adjusted HR 5.8 (CI 2.0–17.2); p < 0.001], β-blocker use [adjusted HR 1.7 (CI 1.0–2.9); p = 0.04], bilateral lung infiltrates [adjusted HR 1.9 (CI 1.1–3.3); p = 0.02], creatinine > 90 µmol/l [adjusted HR 2.1 (CI 1.3–3.5); p = 0.004] and 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol/l [adjusted HR 7.0 (CI 1.7–28.2); p = 0.007] were significant predictors of mortality among hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Random blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l was significantly associated with intensive care admission [adjusted HR 1.5 (CI 1.0–2.2); p = 0.04], as well as smoking, β-blocker use, neutrophil > 7.5, creatinine > 90 µmol/l and alanine aminotransferase > 65U/l. Conclusion The prevalence of DM is high among hospitalized Covid-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. While DM patients have a higher mortality rate than their non-DM counterparts, other factors such as old age, congestive heart failure, smoking, β-blocker use, presence of bilateral lung infiltrates, elevated creatinine and severe vitamin D deficiency, appear to be more significant predictors of fatal outcome. Patients with acute metabolic dysfunctions, including hyperglycemia on admission are more likely to receive intensive care. |
topic |
Diabetes mellitus Covid-19 Mortality Saudi Arabia |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01184-4 |
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