Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) have co-evolved with humans for thousands of years and are present at a high prevalence in the population worldwide. HSV infections are responsible for several illnesses including skin and mucosal lesions, blindness and even life-threatening e...
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doaj-684d5dc734414acdb2e0ff35c1f3b7652020-11-25T01:26:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882019-04-01910.3389/fcimb.2019.00127449387Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral ResponsesEduardo I. Tognarelli0Tomás F. Palomino1Nicolás Corrales2Susan M. Bueno3Alexis M. Kalergis4Alexis M. Kalergis5Pablo A. González6Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileHerpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) have co-evolved with humans for thousands of years and are present at a high prevalence in the population worldwide. HSV infections are responsible for several illnesses including skin and mucosal lesions, blindness and even life-threatening encephalitis in both, immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages. Therefore, diseases caused by HSVs represent significant public health burdens. Similar to other herpesviruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2 produce lifelong infections in the host by establishing latency in neurons and sporadically reactivating from these cells, eliciting recurrences that are accompanied by viral shedding in both, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The ability of HSVs to persist and recur in otherwise healthy individuals is likely given by the numerous virulence factors that these viruses have evolved to evade host antiviral responses. Here, we review and discuss molecular mechanisms used by HSVs to evade early innate antiviral responses, which are the first lines of defense against these viruses. A comprehensive understanding of how HSVs evade host early antiviral responses could contribute to the development of novel therapies and vaccines to counteract these viruses.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00127/fullinterferon (IFN)inflammasometoll-like receptors (TLRs)natural killer cells (NK cells)dendritic cells (DCs)cytosolic nucleic acid receptors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eduardo I. Tognarelli Tomás F. Palomino Nicolás Corrales Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Pablo A. González |
spellingShingle |
Eduardo I. Tognarelli Tomás F. Palomino Nicolás Corrales Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Pablo A. González Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology interferon (IFN) inflammasome toll-like receptors (TLRs) natural killer cells (NK cells) dendritic cells (DCs) cytosolic nucleic acid receptors |
author_facet |
Eduardo I. Tognarelli Tomás F. Palomino Nicolás Corrales Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Pablo A. González |
author_sort |
Eduardo I. Tognarelli |
title |
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses |
title_short |
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses |
title_full |
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses |
title_fullStr |
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses |
title_sort |
herpes simplex virus evasion of early host antiviral responses |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
issn |
2235-2988 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) have co-evolved with humans for thousands of years and are present at a high prevalence in the population worldwide. HSV infections are responsible for several illnesses including skin and mucosal lesions, blindness and even life-threatening encephalitis in both, immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages. Therefore, diseases caused by HSVs represent significant public health burdens. Similar to other herpesviruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2 produce lifelong infections in the host by establishing latency in neurons and sporadically reactivating from these cells, eliciting recurrences that are accompanied by viral shedding in both, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The ability of HSVs to persist and recur in otherwise healthy individuals is likely given by the numerous virulence factors that these viruses have evolved to evade host antiviral responses. Here, we review and discuss molecular mechanisms used by HSVs to evade early innate antiviral responses, which are the first lines of defense against these viruses. A comprehensive understanding of how HSVs evade host early antiviral responses could contribute to the development of novel therapies and vaccines to counteract these viruses. |
topic |
interferon (IFN) inflammasome toll-like receptors (TLRs) natural killer cells (NK cells) dendritic cells (DCs) cytosolic nucleic acid receptors |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00127/full |
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