From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin
The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by m...
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doaj-685cd43e4dfc41f1b3536e31710511a92021-08-06T15:19:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-07-01117120712010.3390/app11157120From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of IrisinMirko Pesce0Irene La Fratta1Teresa Paolucci2Alfredo Grilli3Antonia Patruno4Francesco Agostini5Andrea Bernetti6Massimiliano Mangone7Marco Paoloni8Marco Invernizzi9Alessandro de Sire10Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Gabriele D’Annunzio of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomical, Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00185 Roma, ItalyPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomical, Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00185 Roma, ItalyPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomical, Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00185 Roma, ItalyPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomical, Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00185 Roma, ItalyPhysical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Piazza D’Armi, 1, 28100 Novara, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyThe beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by muscle in response to exercise, have recently gained attention as beneficial mediators. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine, that modulates several bodily processes, such as glucose homeostasis, and reduces systemic inflammation. Irisin is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), a transmembrane precursor protein expressed in muscle under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The FNDC5/irisin system is also expressed in the hippocampus, where it stimulates the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this area that is associated with learning and memory. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of irisin as a key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in the elderly, suggesting its roles within the main promoters of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/15/7120irisinFNDC5PGC-1αBDNFphysical exercisebrain |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mirko Pesce Irene La Fratta Teresa Paolucci Alfredo Grilli Antonia Patruno Francesco Agostini Andrea Bernetti Massimiliano Mangone Marco Paoloni Marco Invernizzi Alessandro de Sire |
spellingShingle |
Mirko Pesce Irene La Fratta Teresa Paolucci Alfredo Grilli Antonia Patruno Francesco Agostini Andrea Bernetti Massimiliano Mangone Marco Paoloni Marco Invernizzi Alessandro de Sire From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin Applied Sciences irisin FNDC5 PGC-1α BDNF physical exercise brain |
author_facet |
Mirko Pesce Irene La Fratta Teresa Paolucci Alfredo Grilli Antonia Patruno Francesco Agostini Andrea Bernetti Massimiliano Mangone Marco Paoloni Marco Invernizzi Alessandro de Sire |
author_sort |
Mirko Pesce |
title |
From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin |
title_short |
From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin |
title_full |
From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin |
title_fullStr |
From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin |
title_full_unstemmed |
From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin |
title_sort |
from exercise to cognitive performance: role of irisin |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by muscle in response to exercise, have recently gained attention as beneficial mediators. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine, that modulates several bodily processes, such as glucose homeostasis, and reduces systemic inflammation. Irisin is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), a transmembrane precursor protein expressed in muscle under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The FNDC5/irisin system is also expressed in the hippocampus, where it stimulates the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this area that is associated with learning and memory. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of irisin as a key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in the elderly, suggesting its roles within the main promoters of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain. |
topic |
irisin FNDC5 PGC-1α BDNF physical exercise brain |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/15/7120 |
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