Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved]
Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare types of cerebellar ataxia with a dominant mode of inheritance. To date, 47 SCA subtypes have been identified, and the number of genes implicated in SCAs is continually increasing. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion diseases (ATXN1/SCA1, ATXN2/SCA2, ATXN...
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doaj-6863890b276e454d87e7225c3c205aa82020-11-25T03:49:14ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022018-11-01710.12688/f1000research.15788.117234Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved]Giulia Coarelli0Alexis Brice1Alexandra Durr2Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Bobigny, 93000, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetic department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, 75013, FranceInstitut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, FranceAbstract Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare types of cerebellar ataxia with a dominant mode of inheritance. To date, 47 SCA subtypes have been identified, and the number of genes implicated in SCAs is continually increasing. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion diseases (ATXN1/SCA1, ATXN2/SCA2, ATXN3/SCA3, CACNA1A/SCA6, ATXN7/SCA7, TBP/SCA17, and ATN1/DRPLA) are the most common group of SCAs. No preventive or curative treatments are currently available, but various therapeutic approaches, including RNA-targeting treatments, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), are being developed. Clinical trials of ASOs in SCA patients are already planned. There is, therefore, a need to identify valid outcome measures for such studies. In this review, we describe recent advances towards identifying appropriate biomarkers, which are essential for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. Neuroimaging biomarkers are the most powerful markers identified to date, making it possible to reduce sample sizes for clinical trials. Changes on brain MRI are already evident at the premanifest stage in SCA1 and SCA2 carriers and are correlated with CAG repeat size. Other potential biomarkers have also been developed, based on neurological examination, oculomotor study, cognitive assessment, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Longitudinal studies based on multimodal approaches are required to establish the relationships between parameters and to validate the biomarkers identified.https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1781/v1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Giulia Coarelli Alexis Brice Alexandra Durr |
spellingShingle |
Giulia Coarelli Alexis Brice Alexandra Durr Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] F1000Research |
author_facet |
Giulia Coarelli Alexis Brice Alexandra Durr |
author_sort |
Giulia Coarelli |
title |
Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
title_short |
Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
title_full |
Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
title_fullStr |
Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
title_sort |
recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
publisher |
F1000 Research Ltd |
series |
F1000Research |
issn |
2046-1402 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare types of cerebellar ataxia with a dominant mode of inheritance. To date, 47 SCA subtypes have been identified, and the number of genes implicated in SCAs is continually increasing. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion diseases (ATXN1/SCA1, ATXN2/SCA2, ATXN3/SCA3, CACNA1A/SCA6, ATXN7/SCA7, TBP/SCA17, and ATN1/DRPLA) are the most common group of SCAs. No preventive or curative treatments are currently available, but various therapeutic approaches, including RNA-targeting treatments, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), are being developed. Clinical trials of ASOs in SCA patients are already planned. There is, therefore, a need to identify valid outcome measures for such studies. In this review, we describe recent advances towards identifying appropriate biomarkers, which are essential for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. Neuroimaging biomarkers are the most powerful markers identified to date, making it possible to reduce sample sizes for clinical trials. Changes on brain MRI are already evident at the premanifest stage in SCA1 and SCA2 carriers and are correlated with CAG repeat size. Other potential biomarkers have also been developed, based on neurological examination, oculomotor study, cognitive assessment, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Longitudinal studies based on multimodal approaches are required to establish the relationships between parameters and to validate the biomarkers identified. |
url |
https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1781/v1 |
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