Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an extension of the popular diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. DKI takes into account leading deviations from Gaussian diffusion stemming from a number of effects related to the microarchitecture and compartmentalization in biological tissues. DKI therefore...
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doaj-68a340afd56542ef9527b12fad273a4e2020-11-25T00:21:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2017-09-01510.3389/fphy.2017.00040294584Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis ImagingBrian Hansen0Sune N. Jespersen1Sune N. Jespersen2Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, DenmarkCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, DenmarkDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an extension of the popular diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. DKI takes into account leading deviations from Gaussian diffusion stemming from a number of effects related to the microarchitecture and compartmentalization in biological tissues. DKI therefore offers increased sensitivity to subtle microstructural alterations over conventional diffusion imaging such as DTI, as has been demonstrated in numerous reports. For this reason, interest in routine clinical application of DKI is growing rapidly. In an effort to facilitate more widespread use of DKI, recent work by our group has focused on developing experimentally fast and robust estimates of DKI metrics. A significant increase in speed is made possible by a reduction in data demand achieved through rigorous analysis of the relation between the DKI signal and the kurtosis tensor based metrics. The fast DKI methods therefore need only 13 or 19 images for DKI parameter estimation compared to more than 60 for the most modest DKI protocols applied today. Closed form solutions also ensure rapid calculation of most DKI metrics. Some parameters can even be reconstructed in real time, which may be valuable in the clinic. The fast techniques are based on conventional diffusion sequences and are therefore easily implemented on almost any clinical system, in contrast to a range of other recently proposed advanced diffusion techniques. In addition to its general applicability, this also ensures that any acceleration achieved in conventional DKI through sequence or hardware optimization will also translate directly to fast DKI acquisitions. In this review, we recapitulate the theoretical basis for the fast kurtosis techniques and their relation to conventional DKI. We then discuss the currently available variants of the fast kurtosis techniques, their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their respective realms of application. These range from whole body applications to methods mostly suited for spinal cord or peripheral nerve, and analysis specific to brain white matter. Having covered these technical aspects, we proceed to review the fast kurtosis literature including validation studies, organ specific optimization studies and results from clinical applications.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2017.00040/fullMRIdiffusionkurtosishigher-order tensorsorientational samplingWMTI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Brian Hansen Sune N. Jespersen Sune N. Jespersen |
spellingShingle |
Brian Hansen Sune N. Jespersen Sune N. Jespersen Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging Frontiers in Physics MRI diffusion kurtosis higher-order tensors orientational sampling WMTI |
author_facet |
Brian Hansen Sune N. Jespersen Sune N. Jespersen |
author_sort |
Brian Hansen |
title |
Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging |
title_short |
Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging |
title_full |
Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging |
title_fullStr |
Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent Developments in Fast Kurtosis Imaging |
title_sort |
recent developments in fast kurtosis imaging |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physics |
issn |
2296-424X |
publishDate |
2017-09-01 |
description |
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an extension of the popular diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. DKI takes into account leading deviations from Gaussian diffusion stemming from a number of effects related to the microarchitecture and compartmentalization in biological tissues. DKI therefore offers increased sensitivity to subtle microstructural alterations over conventional diffusion imaging such as DTI, as has been demonstrated in numerous reports. For this reason, interest in routine clinical application of DKI is growing rapidly. In an effort to facilitate more widespread use of DKI, recent work by our group has focused on developing experimentally fast and robust estimates of DKI metrics. A significant increase in speed is made possible by a reduction in data demand achieved through rigorous analysis of the relation between the DKI signal and the kurtosis tensor based metrics. The fast DKI methods therefore need only 13 or 19 images for DKI parameter estimation compared to more than 60 for the most modest DKI protocols applied today. Closed form solutions also ensure rapid calculation of most DKI metrics. Some parameters can even be reconstructed in real time, which may be valuable in the clinic. The fast techniques are based on conventional diffusion sequences and are therefore easily implemented on almost any clinical system, in contrast to a range of other recently proposed advanced diffusion techniques. In addition to its general applicability, this also ensures that any acceleration achieved in conventional DKI through sequence or hardware optimization will also translate directly to fast DKI acquisitions. In this review, we recapitulate the theoretical basis for the fast kurtosis techniques and their relation to conventional DKI. We then discuss the currently available variants of the fast kurtosis techniques, their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their respective realms of application. These range from whole body applications to methods mostly suited for spinal cord or peripheral nerve, and analysis specific to brain white matter. Having covered these technical aspects, we proceed to review the fast kurtosis literature including validation studies, organ specific optimization studies and results from clinical applications. |
topic |
MRI diffusion kurtosis higher-order tensors orientational sampling WMTI |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2017.00040/full |
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