| Summary: | Qiang Yang,1,* Bin-Hong Teng,2,* Li-Na Wang,3 Kun Li,2 Chen Xu,2 Xin-Long Ma,1 Yang Zhang,1 De-Ling Kong,3 Lian-Yong Wang,3 Yan-Hong Zhao2 1Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin , People’s Republic of China; 2School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: A 3-D scaffold that simulates the microenvironment in vivo for regenerating cartilage is ideal. In this study, we combined silk fibroin and decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix by temperature gradient-guided thermal-induced phase separation to produce composite scaffolds (S/D). Resulting scaffolds had remarkable mechanical properties and biomimeticstructure, for a suitable substrate for attachment and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Moreover, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) loaded on scaffolds showed a controlled release profile and enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs during the 28-day culture. The S/D scaffold itself can provide a sustained release system without the introduction of other controlled release media, which has potential for commercial and clinical applications. The results of toluidine blue, Safranin O, and immunohistochemical staining and analysis of collagen II expression showed maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype in all scaffolds after 28-day culture. The most obvious phenomenon was with the addition of TGF-β3. S/D composite scaffolds with sequential delivery of TGF-β3 may mimic the regenerative microenvironment to enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro. Keywords: cartilage tissue engineering, composite scaffold, silk fibroin, decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix, adipose-derived stem cells, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3)
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