Evaluating Alternate Methods of Determining the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Contact Lens Care Products against Acanthamoeba Trophozoites

• Main Authors: Allison Campolo, Paul Shannon, Monica Crary
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Pathogens
• Subjects: <i>Acanthamoeba</i>; contact lens care; propidium iodide; antimicrobial efficacy
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/126

<i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis (AK) is a serious ocular infection caused by a ubiquitous free-living amoeba, <i>Acanthamoeba</i>. This infection often results in extensive corneal damage and blindness, and is notoriously difficult to cure. While <i>Acanthamoeba</i> is an abundant organism, AK is most associated with contact lens hygiene noncompliance and inadequate contact lens care (CLC) disinfection regimens. Thus, accurate and timely antimicrobial efficacy testing of CLC solutions is paramount. Published methods for antimicrobial efficacy testing of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> trophozoites requires 14 days for results. Presently, alternate and/or rapid methods for evaluating CLC products rarely demonstrate equivalent results compared to commonly-reported methods. Propidium iodide is a cellular stain that can only bind to cells with damaged outer membranes. We evaluated propidium iodide staining as an alternative method for determining the relative antimicrobial efficacy of 11 different CLC products against <i>Acanthamoeba</i> trophozoites. Following exposure to a CLC product, the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide in an <i>Acanthamoeba</i> population demonstrated a strong correlation to the log reduction determined by established, growth-based <i>Acanthamoeba</i> testing used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of CLC products. Thus, propidium iodide was found to be an effective rapid tool for determining cell death in <i>Acanthamoeba</i> trophozoites following exposure to CLC solutions.