The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years
Histoplasmosis is a serious infectious disease in humans caused by Histoplasma spp. (Onygenales), whose natural reservoirs are thought to be soil enriched with bird and bat guano. The true global burden of histoplasmosis is underestimated and frequently the pulmonary manifestations are misdiagnosed...
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Elsevier
2020-09-01
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Series: | Studies in Mycology |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
A.M. Rodrigues M.A. Beale F. Hagen M.C. Fisher P.P.D. Terra S. de Hoog R.S.N. Brilhante R. de Aguiar Cordeiro D. de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco M.F.G. Rocha J.J.C. Sidrim Z.P. de Camargo |
spellingShingle |
A.M. Rodrigues M.A. Beale F. Hagen M.C. Fisher P.P.D. Terra S. de Hoog R.S.N. Brilhante R. de Aguiar Cordeiro D. de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco M.F.G. Rocha J.J.C. Sidrim Z.P. de Camargo The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years Studies in Mycology Emerging pathogens Epidemiology Genetic diversity Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis Population structure |
author_facet |
A.M. Rodrigues M.A. Beale F. Hagen M.C. Fisher P.P.D. Terra S. de Hoog R.S.N. Brilhante R. de Aguiar Cordeiro D. de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco M.F.G. Rocha J.J.C. Sidrim Z.P. de Camargo |
author_sort |
A.M. Rodrigues |
title |
The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years |
title_short |
The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years |
title_full |
The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years |
title_fullStr |
The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years |
title_full_unstemmed |
The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years |
title_sort |
global epidemiology of emerging histoplasma species in recent years |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Studies in Mycology |
issn |
0166-0616 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Histoplasmosis is a serious infectious disease in humans caused by Histoplasma spp. (Onygenales), whose natural reservoirs are thought to be soil enriched with bird and bat guano. The true global burden of histoplasmosis is underestimated and frequently the pulmonary manifestations are misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Molecular data on epidemiology of Histoplasma are still scarce, even though there is increasing recognition of histoplasmosis in recent years in areas distant from the traditional endemic regions in the Americas. We used multi-locus sequence data from protein coding loci (ADP-ribosylation factor, H antigen precursor, and delta-9 fatty acid desaturase), DNA barcoding (ITS1/2+5.8s), AFLP markers and mating type analysis to determine the genetic diversity, population structure and recognise the existence of different phylogenetic species among 436 isolates of Histoplasma obtained globally. Our study describes new phylogenetic species and the molecular characteristics of Histoplasma lineages causing outbreaks with a high number of severe outcomes in Northeast Brazil between 2011 and 2015. Genetic diversity levels provide evidence for recombination, common ancestry and clustering of Brazilian isolates at different geographic scales with the emergence of LAm C, a new genotype assigned to a separate population cluster in Northeast Brazil that exhibited low diversity indicative of isolation. The global survey revealed that the high genetic variability among Brazilian isolates along with the presence of divergent cryptic species and/or genotypes may support the hypothesis of Brazil being the center of dispersion of Histoplasma in South America, possibly with the contribution of migratory hosts such as birds and bats. Outside Brazil, the predominant species depends on the region. We confirm that histoplasmosis has significantly broadened its area of occurrence, an important feature of emerging pathogens. From a practical point of view, our data point to the emergence of histoplasmosis caused by a plethora of genotypes, and will enable epidemiological analysis focused on understanding the processes that lead to histoplasmosis. Further, the description of this diversity opens avenues for comparative genomic studies, which will allow progress toward a consensus taxonomy, improve understanding of the presence of hybrids in natural populations of medically relevant fungi, test reproductive barriers and to explore the significance of this variation. |
topic |
Emerging pathogens Epidemiology Genetic diversity Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis Population structure |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016606162030004X |
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doaj-6948cc9b6376497e8e29807550b0dff72020-12-03T04:29:15ZengElsevierStudies in Mycology0166-06162020-09-0197100095The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent yearsA.M. Rodrigues0M.A. Beale1F. Hagen2M.C. Fisher3P.P.D. Terra4S. de Hoog5R.S.N. Brilhante6R. de Aguiar Cordeiro7D. de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco8M.F.G. Rocha9J.J.C. Sidrim10Z.P. de Camargo11Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil; Correspondence: A.M. Rodrigues; Z.P. de CamargoParasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UKWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of ChinaMRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UKLaboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, BrazilWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The NetherlandsSpecialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilSpecialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilSpecialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilSpecialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilLaboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil; Correspondence: A.M. Rodrigues; Z.P. de CamargoHistoplasmosis is a serious infectious disease in humans caused by Histoplasma spp. (Onygenales), whose natural reservoirs are thought to be soil enriched with bird and bat guano. The true global burden of histoplasmosis is underestimated and frequently the pulmonary manifestations are misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Molecular data on epidemiology of Histoplasma are still scarce, even though there is increasing recognition of histoplasmosis in recent years in areas distant from the traditional endemic regions in the Americas. We used multi-locus sequence data from protein coding loci (ADP-ribosylation factor, H antigen precursor, and delta-9 fatty acid desaturase), DNA barcoding (ITS1/2+5.8s), AFLP markers and mating type analysis to determine the genetic diversity, population structure and recognise the existence of different phylogenetic species among 436 isolates of Histoplasma obtained globally. Our study describes new phylogenetic species and the molecular characteristics of Histoplasma lineages causing outbreaks with a high number of severe outcomes in Northeast Brazil between 2011 and 2015. Genetic diversity levels provide evidence for recombination, common ancestry and clustering of Brazilian isolates at different geographic scales with the emergence of LAm C, a new genotype assigned to a separate population cluster in Northeast Brazil that exhibited low diversity indicative of isolation. The global survey revealed that the high genetic variability among Brazilian isolates along with the presence of divergent cryptic species and/or genotypes may support the hypothesis of Brazil being the center of dispersion of Histoplasma in South America, possibly with the contribution of migratory hosts such as birds and bats. Outside Brazil, the predominant species depends on the region. We confirm that histoplasmosis has significantly broadened its area of occurrence, an important feature of emerging pathogens. From a practical point of view, our data point to the emergence of histoplasmosis caused by a plethora of genotypes, and will enable epidemiological analysis focused on understanding the processes that lead to histoplasmosis. Further, the description of this diversity opens avenues for comparative genomic studies, which will allow progress toward a consensus taxonomy, improve understanding of the presence of hybrids in natural populations of medically relevant fungi, test reproductive barriers and to explore the significance of this variation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016606162030004XEmerging pathogensEpidemiologyGenetic diversityHistoplasma capsulatumHistoplasmosisPopulation structure |