Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus
In this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by t...
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doaj-696768181ecc4c18b1ea67484c7fb6192020-11-25T04:12:04ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-01136111611110.3390/en13226111Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC BusNicu Bizon0Mircea Raceanu1Emmanouel Koudoumas2Adriana Marinoiu3Emmanuel Karapidakis4Elena Carcadea5Faculty of Electronics, Communication and Computers, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, RomaniaICSI Energy, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, RomaniaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, GreeceICSI Energy, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, RomaniaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, GreeceICSI Energy, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, RomaniaIn this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by the power-tracking control reference or both regulators using a switched mode of the above-mentioned reference. The optimal operation of a fuel cell system is ensured by a search for the maximum of multicriteria-based optimization functions focused on fuel economy under perturbation, such as variable renewable energy and dynamic load on the DC bus. Two search controllers based on the global extremum seeking scheme are involved in this search via the remaining fueling regulator and the boost DC–DC converter. Thus, the fuel economy strategies based on the control of the air regulator and the fuel regulator, respectively, on the control of both fueling regulators are analyzed in this study. The fuel savings compared to fuel consumed using the static feed-forward control are 6.63%, 4.36% and 13.72%, respectively, under dynamic load but without renewable power. With renewable power, the needed fuel cell power on the DC bus is lower, so the fuel cell system operates more efficiently. These percentages are increased to 7.28%, 4.94% and 14.97%.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/6111proton-exchange membrane fuel cellfuel-savingoptimizationsafe and healthy strategyelectrical energy efficiency |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nicu Bizon Mircea Raceanu Emmanouel Koudoumas Adriana Marinoiu Emmanuel Karapidakis Elena Carcadea |
spellingShingle |
Nicu Bizon Mircea Raceanu Emmanouel Koudoumas Adriana Marinoiu Emmanuel Karapidakis Elena Carcadea Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus Energies proton-exchange membrane fuel cell fuel-saving optimization safe and healthy strategy electrical energy efficiency |
author_facet |
Nicu Bizon Mircea Raceanu Emmanouel Koudoumas Adriana Marinoiu Emmanuel Karapidakis Elena Carcadea |
author_sort |
Nicu Bizon |
title |
Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus |
title_short |
Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus |
title_full |
Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus |
title_fullStr |
Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus |
title_sort |
renewable/fuel cell hybrid power system operation using two search controllers of the optimal power needed on the dc bus |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
In this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by the power-tracking control reference or both regulators using a switched mode of the above-mentioned reference. The optimal operation of a fuel cell system is ensured by a search for the maximum of multicriteria-based optimization functions focused on fuel economy under perturbation, such as variable renewable energy and dynamic load on the DC bus. Two search controllers based on the global extremum seeking scheme are involved in this search via the remaining fueling regulator and the boost DC–DC converter. Thus, the fuel economy strategies based on the control of the air regulator and the fuel regulator, respectively, on the control of both fueling regulators are analyzed in this study. The fuel savings compared to fuel consumed using the static feed-forward control are 6.63%, 4.36% and 13.72%, respectively, under dynamic load but without renewable power. With renewable power, the needed fuel cell power on the DC bus is lower, so the fuel cell system operates more efficiently. These percentages are increased to 7.28%, 4.94% and 14.97%. |
topic |
proton-exchange membrane fuel cell fuel-saving optimization safe and healthy strategy electrical energy efficiency |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/6111 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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