| Summary: | The debate about the transformations that the Brazilian industry is undergoing gained dimension in recent years, especially with regard to the reduction of the sector's participation in the composition of the Gross Domestic Product and in the offer of jobs, as well as the low rate of innovation implemented, characterizing what some scholars call “deindustrialization”. Different interpretations of this process have been presented, and the analysis, especially in the Brazilian case, must consider aspects such as economic, political and technological changes, economic and industrial deconcentration, territorial- productive restructuring, as well as changes in the methodology used by agencies that study the phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to make some considerations about the manufacturing industry in Brazil, with emphasis on the different interpretations of the deindustrialization process and the challenges imposed on the sector by the technological innovation of industry 4.0.
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