Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams
The CERN accelerator complex is undergoing an upgrade in order to meet the requirements of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). One of the key needs is to increase the intensity of beams injected into the LHC from the current 1.15×10^{11} to 2.3×10^{11} p^{+}/bunch. This requires a b...
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American Physical Society
2021-09-01
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Series: | Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.093002 |
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doaj-698e94570d9f4fc1bab492b02f62f37f2021-09-28T16:32:01ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Accelerators and Beams2469-98882021-09-0124909300210.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.093002Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beamsMarcin PateckiAlessio MereghettiDaniele MirarchiStefano RedaelliThe CERN accelerator complex is undergoing an upgrade in order to meet the requirements of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). One of the key needs is to increase the intensity of beams injected into the LHC from the current 1.15×10^{11} to 2.3×10^{11} p^{+}/bunch. This requires a beam intensity at injection in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the last injector before the LHC, as high as 2.6×10^{11} p^{+}/bunch, given that a budget for losses of about 10% is included in the design. However, previous experience with high intensity beams suggests that the total amount of losses in the SPS can be even higher, causing an increased activation, faster aging, and consequent early failure of machine equipment, in addition to an increase in the requirements for preinjectors in order to still meet the HL-LHC target in spite of higher losses. In this paper, we propose a collimation system to be used with HL-LHC proton beams in the SPS in order to intercept and safely dispose of beam losses in ad hoc locations and therefore provide the machine with protection against activation and equipment aging. The design is based on a two-stage concept, where the primary stage intercepts particles that otherwise would be lost, and the secondary stage employing an absorber where lost particles are finally disposed of. Numerical simulations prove a cleaning efficiency of the proposed system of at least 80%, substantially reducing the spreading of particle losses around the machine. Furthermore, the performance of the collimation system has a low sensitivity to common machine errors, and the design is cost efficient, with minimal hardware changes.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.093002 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marcin Patecki Alessio Mereghetti Daniele Mirarchi Stefano Redaelli |
spellingShingle |
Marcin Patecki Alessio Mereghetti Daniele Mirarchi Stefano Redaelli Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
author_facet |
Marcin Patecki Alessio Mereghetti Daniele Mirarchi Stefano Redaelli |
author_sort |
Marcin Patecki |
title |
Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams |
title_short |
Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams |
title_full |
Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams |
title_fullStr |
Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams |
title_full_unstemmed |
Conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider proton beams |
title_sort |
conceptual design of an off-momentum collimation system in the cern super proton synchrotron for high-luminosity large hadron collider proton beams |
publisher |
American Physical Society |
series |
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
issn |
2469-9888 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The CERN accelerator complex is undergoing an upgrade in order to meet the requirements of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). One of the key needs is to increase the intensity of beams injected into the LHC from the current 1.15×10^{11} to 2.3×10^{11} p^{+}/bunch. This requires a beam intensity at injection in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the last injector before the LHC, as high as 2.6×10^{11} p^{+}/bunch, given that a budget for losses of about 10% is included in the design. However, previous experience with high intensity beams suggests that the total amount of losses in the SPS can be even higher, causing an increased activation, faster aging, and consequent early failure of machine equipment, in addition to an increase in the requirements for preinjectors in order to still meet the HL-LHC target in spite of higher losses. In this paper, we propose a collimation system to be used with HL-LHC proton beams in the SPS in order to intercept and safely dispose of beam losses in ad hoc locations and therefore provide the machine with protection against activation and equipment aging. The design is based on a two-stage concept, where the primary stage intercepts particles that otherwise would be lost, and the secondary stage employing an absorber where lost particles are finally disposed of. Numerical simulations prove a cleaning efficiency of the proposed system of at least 80%, substantially reducing the spreading of particle losses around the machine. Furthermore, the performance of the collimation system has a low sensitivity to common machine errors, and the design is cost efficient, with minimal hardware changes. |
url |
http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.093002 |
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