The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that forest bathing would be beneficial for elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy. Two groups of participants with CHF were simultaneously sent to the forest or an urban control area for a four-day...
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doaj-69e8bb669fb74bb799b57c04c9af50c42020-11-24T23:23:06ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012017-03-0114436810.3390/ijerph14040368ijerph14040368The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart FailureGenxiang Mao0Yongbao Cao1Bozhong Wang2Sanying Wang3Zhuomei Chen4Jirong Wang5Wenmin Xing6Xiaoxu Ren7Xiaoling Lv8Jianhua Dong9Shasha Chen10Xiuyuan Chen11Guofu Wang12Jing Yan13Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaHangzhou Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310022, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaHangzhou Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310022, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaForestry Bureau of Pan’an County, Jinhua 322300, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, ChinaAbstract: The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that forest bathing would be beneficial for elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy. Two groups of participants with CHF were simultaneously sent to the forest or an urban control area for a four-day trip, respectively. Subjects exposed to the forest site showed a significant reduction of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in comparison to that of the city group and their own baseline levels. The values for the cardiovascular disease related pathological factors, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), and constituents of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (ANGII), and ANGII receptor type 1 or 2 (AT1 or AT2) in subjects exposed to the forest environment were lower than those in the urban control group. Obviously, a decreased level of inflammatory cytokines and improved antioxidant function was observed in the forest group rather than in the city group. The assessment of the profile of mood states (POMS) indicated that the negative emotional mood state was alleviated after forest bathing. As anticipated, a better air quality in the forest site was observed according to the detection of PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) and negative ions. These results provided direct evidence that forest bathing has a beneficial effect on CHF patients, and thus may pave the way for potential development of forest bathing as an effective adjunctive therapy on cardiovascular disorders.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/4/368chronic heart failureforest bathinginflammationPM2.5 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Genxiang Mao Yongbao Cao Bozhong Wang Sanying Wang Zhuomei Chen Jirong Wang Wenmin Xing Xiaoxu Ren Xiaoling Lv Jianhua Dong Shasha Chen Xiuyuan Chen Guofu Wang Jing Yan |
spellingShingle |
Genxiang Mao Yongbao Cao Bozhong Wang Sanying Wang Zhuomei Chen Jirong Wang Wenmin Xing Xiaoxu Ren Xiaoling Lv Jianhua Dong Shasha Chen Xiuyuan Chen Guofu Wang Jing Yan The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health chronic heart failure forest bathing inflammation PM2.5 |
author_facet |
Genxiang Mao Yongbao Cao Bozhong Wang Sanying Wang Zhuomei Chen Jirong Wang Wenmin Xing Xiaoxu Ren Xiaoling Lv Jianhua Dong Shasha Chen Xiuyuan Chen Guofu Wang Jing Yan |
author_sort |
Genxiang Mao |
title |
The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
title_short |
The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
title_full |
The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
title_fullStr |
The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
title_sort |
salutary influence of forest bathing on elderly patients with chronic heart failure |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2017-03-01 |
description |
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that forest bathing would be beneficial for elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy. Two groups of participants with CHF were simultaneously sent to the forest or an urban control area for a four-day trip, respectively. Subjects exposed to the forest site showed a significant reduction of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in comparison to that of the city group and their own baseline levels. The values for the cardiovascular disease related pathological factors, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), and constituents of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (ANGII), and ANGII receptor type 1 or 2 (AT1 or AT2) in subjects exposed to the forest environment were lower than those in the urban control group. Obviously, a decreased level of inflammatory cytokines and improved antioxidant function was observed in the forest group rather than in the city group. The assessment of the profile of mood states (POMS) indicated that the negative emotional mood state was alleviated after forest bathing. As anticipated, a better air quality in the forest site was observed according to the detection of PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) and negative ions. These results provided direct evidence that forest bathing has a beneficial effect on CHF patients, and thus may pave the way for potential development of forest bathing as an effective adjunctive therapy on cardiovascular disorders. |
topic |
chronic heart failure forest bathing inflammation PM2.5 |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/4/368 |
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