Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes
ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were prepared by a simple sol–gel method. The band gaps of the materials were systematically studied based on the dependence of the dimensions of the nanostructures as well as the presence of a dopant material, Cu. ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were found...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2016-01-01
|
Series: | Results in Physics |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379716300043 |
id |
doaj-6a54e4f9ac474d3cb9c9eb3e0ddbc8b2 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-6a54e4f9ac474d3cb9c9eb3e0ddbc8b22020-11-25T02:06:07ZengElsevierResults in Physics2211-37972016-01-016217230Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changesN. Kamarulzaman0M.F. Kasim1N.F. Chayed2Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Level 3 Block C (Old Engineering Building), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Physics and Materials Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Level 3 Block C (Old Engineering Building), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Fax: +60 3 55443870.Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Level 3 Block C (Old Engineering Building), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Level 3 Block C (Old Engineering Building), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were prepared by a simple sol–gel method. The band gaps of the materials were systematically studied based on the dependence of the dimensions of the nanostructures as well as the presence of a dopant material, Cu. ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were found to exhibit band gap widening whilst substitution of Cu in the lattice of ZnO caused its band gap to narrow with respect to the pure ZnO materials. In order to understand the phenomenon of band gap change, structural, spectroscopic, particle size and morphological studies were done. The band gap change occurring when the materials were in the nanostructured phase was proven to be mainly due to the downward shift of the valence band. Interestingly, when the band gaps of the pure ZnO and Cu doped ZnO were compared, the band gap changes were due to different shifts of the valence bands. Keywords: Nanomaterials, Rietveld refinement, Doped ZnO, Band gap, Energy band shifthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379716300043 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
N. Kamarulzaman M.F. Kasim N.F. Chayed |
spellingShingle |
N. Kamarulzaman M.F. Kasim N.F. Chayed Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes Results in Physics |
author_facet |
N. Kamarulzaman M.F. Kasim N.F. Chayed |
author_sort |
N. Kamarulzaman |
title |
Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes |
title_short |
Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes |
title_full |
Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes |
title_fullStr |
Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using XPS for ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O band gap changes |
title_sort |
elucidation of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band shifts using xps for zno and zn0.99cu0.01o band gap changes |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Results in Physics |
issn |
2211-3797 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were prepared by a simple sol–gel method. The band gaps of the materials were systematically studied based on the dependence of the dimensions of the nanostructures as well as the presence of a dopant material, Cu. ZnO and Zn0.99Cu0.01O nanostructures were found to exhibit band gap widening whilst substitution of Cu in the lattice of ZnO caused its band gap to narrow with respect to the pure ZnO materials. In order to understand the phenomenon of band gap change, structural, spectroscopic, particle size and morphological studies were done. The band gap change occurring when the materials were in the nanostructured phase was proven to be mainly due to the downward shift of the valence band. Interestingly, when the band gaps of the pure ZnO and Cu doped ZnO were compared, the band gap changes were due to different shifts of the valence bands. Keywords: Nanomaterials, Rietveld refinement, Doped ZnO, Band gap, Energy band shift |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379716300043 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT nkamarulzaman elucidationofthehighestvalencebandandlowestconductionbandshiftsusingxpsforznoandzn099cu001obandgapchanges AT mfkasim elucidationofthehighestvalencebandandlowestconductionbandshiftsusingxpsforznoandzn099cu001obandgapchanges AT nfchayed elucidationofthehighestvalencebandandlowestconductionbandshiftsusingxpsforznoandzn099cu001obandgapchanges |
_version_ |
1724934867582451712 |